Molecular Tools: Molecular Separations *Gel Electrophoresis

Molecular Tools: Molecular Separations *Gel Electrophoresis *One- and Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins

Molecular Tools: Molecular Separations *Gel Filtration Chromatography

Molecular Tools: Labeled Tracers *Autoradiography *Phosphorimaging

Molecular Tools: Nonradioactive Tracers

Molecular Tools: Nucleic Acid Hybridization * Southern Blots H E B P1 P2a P2b P kb

Molecular Tools: Nucleic Acid Hybridization *DNA Fingerprinting/Typing

Molecular Tools: Nucleic Acid Hybridization *In Situ Hybridization Glycogen phosphorylase gene Minisatellite Telomeres Sykorova, et al. (2006) Am. J. Bot. 93(6)

SDS-PAGE Isolate Ribosomes P3 S6 Incubate with Antisera Transfer to nitrocellulose Y Y Molecular Tools: Immunoblots (Western Blots)

Molecular Tools: Sanger dideoxy DNA sequencing

Molecular Tools: Pyrosequencing (454 sequencing)

Molecular Tools: Site-Directed Mutagenesis

Molecular Tools: Northern Blots P1 P2a P2b P3 18 S rRNA Ear Leaf Coleoptile Root Silk Pollen Embryo Aleurone Endosperm DPP

Fig Molecular Tools: Quantitative PCR concepts

Molecular Tools: Quantitative PCR quantification

Molecular Tools: Reporter Gene Transcription