Quantal analysis March, 2010. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) Active zone.

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Presentation transcript:

Quantal analysis March, 2010

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) Active zone

action potential in the axon. action potential in the terminal. fusion of vesicles to the membrane (transmitter release). diffusion. binding to receptor. Gating of ion channels. vesicle recycling. Sequence of events during synaptic transmission

Recording mEPPs at the neuromuscular junction What is the source of variance? amount of neurotransmitter in vesicle. fraction of neurotransmitter molecules binding to receptors. the number and postsynaptic-receptors. the probability of an ion channel to open once a molecule bound the receptor. Amplitude (mV) mEPPs = miniature end plate potentials

Single mEPPs represent quanta or units. The change of EPP amplitude is due to variation in the number of quanta released. The quantum hypothesis (del Castillo & Katz) (del Castillo and Katz, 1955) End-Plate Potentials (EPPs)

n = number of units available for neurotransmitter release. = probability of release following an action potential. m = quantal content. n is high. The amount of transmitter per unit of release is rate limiting. p is small when Ca 2+ and high Mg 2+. the release of one unit of neurotransmitter is independent of release of any other units of neurotransmitter. Statistical treatment of the quantum hypothesis Basic assumptions

The release of 1 quantum is a Bernoulli trial A Bernoulli trial is an experiment whose outcome is random and can be either of two possible outcomes, called "success" and "failure." p(heads)=0.5 p(tails)=0.5 What about releases of n quanta?

for The binomial coefficient The release of n quanta fits a binomial distribution What is the probability for 3 quantal-releases out of 5 quanta? P(A)=p P(A)=(1-p) = q How many combinations of 3 out of 5?

The release of n quanta fits a binomial distribution Mean: n*p Variance: n*p(1-p)

The poisson model. When Examples: The number of cars that pass through a certain point on a road during a given period of time. The number of unstable nuclei that decayed within a given period of time in a piece of radioactive substance. The number of mutations in a given stretch of DNA after a certain amount of radiation. The number of quanta released after an action potential (provided that )! for (k = 0, 1, 2,...) n n

The poisson model

Calculating the quantal content ‘m’ 1. The direct method EPP is composed of unit multiples summing linearly. Therefore: V= mean EPP amplitude. Q = mean mEPP amplitude.

2. The failure method (in the poisson model) What is the number of responses containing k quanta? (N is the total number of trials) Calculating the quantal content ‘m’

3. Using the coefficient of variation (CV method- poisson model) For a poisson distribution: Since, CV is given by: Calculating the quantal content ‘m’

Questions 1.א. נערך ניסוי ובו גורה תא העצב 500 פעמים. לכמה תצפיות של כשל בשחרור נוירטרנסמיטור נוכל לצפות? הנחות: פואסוניות ותכולה קוונטלית השווה ל-5. ב. באותו ניסוי תחת אותן הנחות, לכמה תצפיות של שחרור 2 קוונטות נוכל לצפות? 2. גירו NMJ 25 פעמים. משרעת ה-EPP הממוצעת היתה 0.608mV. משרעת ה-mEPP הממוצעת היתה 0.5mV. א. תחת הנחות פואסון חשבו את m בשיטה ישירה ובשיטת הכשלונות. ב. עבור ערך m מסעיף א' (ערך ממוצע), חשבו כמה אירועים של שחרור 3 קוונטות נצפה לראות אם העצב מגורה 200 פעמים. 3.בניסוי קיבוע מתח המתח קובע לערך של -80mV, נמדד זרם סינפטי ממוצע של 0.84nA. סטית התקן שווה ל-0.35nA א. נניח שהבטריה הסינפטית היא Es=0mV. מהי המוליכות הסינפטית המשוערת? ב. ללא ידע על גודל הזרמים הסינפטים מהי התכולה הקוונטלית הממוצעת? ג. השתמשו בתשובה ל-ב' כדי לחשב את מספר אירועי הכשל הצפויים בניסוי בו מגרים 1000 פעמים את תא-העצב.

4. ברצוננו לבדוק באמצעות אנליזה קוונטלית, אם עלייה בתקשורת הסינפטית הקשורה ב-LTP נובעת ממנגנונים פרה או פוסט סינפטים. נתונים 2 הגרפים הבאים המתארים את ה-mEPSCs (miniature post-synaptic currents) שהתקבלו בעבור אותו זמן. האם ניתן להסיק מהגרפים לגבי סוג המנגנון? מדוע? questions

Answers 1.א. 3-4 כשלונות. ב. בערך 42 תצפיות: 2. א. ב. 18 פעמים:

Answers 3. א. ב. ג. 4. לבד....

Test questions