Geodynamic Situational Awareness for Intelligence Operations AGI User's Conference October 2005 Geodynamic Situational Awareness for Intelligence Operations Wayne Hall & Dave Bissett www.agi.com

Agenda INSCOM background Geodynamic situational awareness STK technology application Netcentric geospatial intelligence sharing 4D common operating picture Closing remarks

US Army Intelligence & Security Command (INSCOM) AGI User's Conference October 2005 US Army Intelligence & Security Command (INSCOM) INSCOM Mission: Conduct intelligence ops for commanders & decision makers Provide battlefield understanding for the warfighter Collect intel in all intelligence disciplines Futures Division: Defining future of intel analysis Integrating advanced analytical methods & tools INSCOM Information Dominance Center (IDC) INSCOM IDC analysis architecture adopted by JFCOM JIOC INSCOM Mission Conduct dominant intelligence, security and information operations for military commanders and national decision makers. Provide the warfighter the seamless intelligence needed to understand the battlefield and to focus and leverage combat power. Collect intelligence information in all intelligence disciplines Synchronize the operations of all INSCOM units to produce multi-disciplined, operationally relevant intelligence in support of Department of the Army, Army Service Component Commander, and intelligence community requirements. Current operational focus: Operation Iraqi Freedom, Phase IV support (hostile activity trend and pattern analysis), Global War On Terrorism, foreign intelligence services, and computer network operations. INSCOM Vision INSCOM is a world class multi-discipline, values-based intelligence organization composed of highly talented, dedicated personnel who perform a variety of operations. These operations include (1) conduct and support relevant intelligence, security and information operations for Army, joint and combined forces; (2) optimize national/theater/tactical partnerships; (3) exploit leading edge technology and (4) meet the challenge of today, tomorrow and the 21st Century. Charged with providing the warfighter the seamless intelligence needed to understand the battlefield and to focus and leverage combat power, INSCOM collects intelligence information in all intelligence disciplines. INSCOM also conducts a wide range of production activities, ranging from intelligence preparation of the battlefield to situation development, SIGINT analysis, imagery exploitation, and science and technology intelligence production. INSCOM also has major responsibilities in the areas of counterintelligence and force protection, electronic warfare and information warfare, and support to force modernization and training. Headquartered at Fort Belvoir, Va., INSCOM is a global command with brigades and groups that tailor their support to the specific needs of different theaters. Altogether, INSCOM has 14 major subordinate commands and a variety of smaller units with personnel dispersed at over 180 locations worldwide. Futures Division: Charged with defining the future of intelligence analysis for the warfighter. Integrated analysis and visualization tools and analytical methodologies to provide advanced analysis capabilities. INSCOM Information Dominance Center (IDC) architecture adopted as the JFCOM Joint Intelligence Operations Center (JIOC) architecture www.agi.com

Geodynamic situational awareness AGI User's Conference October 2005 Geodynamic situational awareness Need: Monitor moving assets relative to geospatial data Near-real-time, multi-int Interrogate & query geospatial data STK technology application: STK engine, adapted as a situational-awareness viewer (GDM) Integrated with ESRI ArcGIS capabilities Simulyze Flight Control processes real-time data feeds Need: Display of moving assets with respect to geospatial data in near-real-time Interrogation and querying of the geospatial data Solution: Integrated COTS tool suite that provides 4D visualization of assets of interest and multi-int geospatial data in near-real-time STK Tool Suite: Geodynamic Display Manager (GDM) STK technologies customized and adapted as a situational awareness viewer for INSCOM Integrates STK and ESRI ArcGIS capabilities for visualization Flight Control Ingests and processes real-time data feeds for display in STK/GDM www.agi.com

STK technology application architecture at INSCOM GDM Flight Control ArcObjects Geodatabases STK/GDM Flight Control ArcObjects SIGINT ArcIMS ArcSDE GDB Features Imagery Intelligence databases Near real-time tactical data feeds IMINT Map Layers

STK technology application: “geodynamic display manager” STK’s complex geometry engine accurately displays and analyzes dynamic objects in real or simulated time Analysts query GIS data of interest Includes interrogation of GIS meta-data

STK technology application: “flight control” Integrated application developed by Simulyze, Inc. Translates message traffic from data feeds into GDM objects for display Lets user interrogate messages, filter viewed objects, customize alerting

STK technology application: example data / message formats AGI User's Conference October 2005 STK technology application: example data / message formats TACELINT TDIMF TAB37 ATO ATOCONF JUNITREP TADIL-J OTH-GOLD NGA geospatial data NRTD format for IBS feeds NCCT NATO EX Predator NITF PRISM AFSERS SRTM XML Space order of battle Opus aircraft waypoints NCCT (Network Centric Collaborative Targeting) NATO EX (used by JSTARS and ARL aircraft) "If it's a formatted message stream, we can quickly build a comms line" " We're primarily using the IBS feeds and the C2PC (GCCS) feeds to show as much ground force data as possible." AFSERS http://afmsrr.afams.af.mil/index.cfm?RID=MDL_AF_1000025 http://afeo.langley.af.mil/newslink/articles/2004/NCCT%20JEFX%2004%20story.htm Networked Sensors Aid Targeting Network Centric Collaborative Targeting will enable sensors on different platforms to share information without human intervention. By Major Barb Carson Humans use each of their five senses in concert to detect obstacles, respond to opportunity and avoid danger. The Air Force Command and Control Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C2ISR) Center is developing Network-Centric Collaborative Targeting (NCCT) to adapt that multi-sense ability to warfighting by allowing ISR sensors on different platforms to share information without human intervention. Currently, Joint Stars can see enemy tank formations, their communications can be heard by Rivet Joint and a satellite flying overhead can provide real-time photos. NCCT will improve these individual capabilities by allowing machine-to-machine dialogue between these platforms to create integrated and actionable information for decision-makers to target the enemy formation rapidly and precisely. In a joint or coalition environment, NCCT’s collaborative approach will confirm target identity and location in seconds rather than the tens of minutes it takes traditional sequential processes to move from finding the target to killing it. Air operations in Kosovo highlighted a problem for the warfighter: Although traditional ISR sensors performed well, their stove-piped, closed network operations weren’t effective in providing timely, targeting solutions for time-sensitive threats. An individual platform would have to collect information on a target over a period time, usually measured in tens of minutes. Efficiency was further degraded by increased time required for human analysts to process the high volume of fragmented data collected by individual sensors. Therefore, information gathered by these individual sensors frequently didn’t provide target identification and/or location to the required level of fidelity in time to be used to quickly retask combat strike forces. Instead, the information was used primarily for intelligence preparation of the battlespace or to perform battle damage assessment following an engagement. After discussing these shortcomings at the 1998 Defense Science Board, leaders began exploring ways to use sensors differently. NCCT was developed as a potential solution to these shortcomings. Immediate Sharing NCCT employs existing communications networks and links them so that critical information is shared immediately with weapon systems and decision-makers in a format that requires no further analysis. To employ NCCT, the commander determines criteria for a battlespace, including potential targets, and then tasks the ISR Division to apply the sensor network for the greatest effect. The sensor network is aligned to capture likely enemy activity based on predicted centers of gravity and anticipated enemy response. When an enemy asset communicates or moves, a sensor platform will get a line of bearing on it and alert the other sensors to focus on the enemy asset and provide corroborating evidence of the enemy’s identity and location. NCCT mimics the way the human central nervous system instantaneously focuses the eyes on the potential source of a threatening sound. Each NCCT participant will have a visualization capability, called the Operations Interface, to see the data collected by the other sensors immediately. Major General Tommy Crawford, commander of the Air Force Command and Control ISR Center, has called this new capability, “An exciting advance in military operations. NCCT goes beyond transformation— it’s revolutionary.” NCCT is currently being developed and tested as an Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration by U.S. Central Command. The participants include surveillance aircraft such as AWACS, Joint Stars, Rivet Joint, U-2, Royal Air Force Nimrod-R and the U.S. Army Guardrail, as well as the Air Force Distributed Common Ground System and the Airborne Overhead Interoperability Office. NCCT was slated to be tested in a live-fly environment for a military utility assessment during Joint Expeditionary Force Experiment (JEFX) 2004, which will provide an optimum opportunity for warfighters to give feedback on NCCT and to experience its ability to allow them to dominate the battlespace. NCCT maximizes the use of all C2ISR assets across military service boundaries. Vice Admiral Arthur Cebrowski (retired), director of the Force Transformation Office of the Secretary of Defense, promotes NCCT as “the most important network-Centric program in the Department of Defense.” NCCT promises to improve the warfighter’s efficiency and lethality through delivery of accurate and timely battlespace information. Major Barb Carson is with Air Force Command and Control Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance public affairs. Tests Back Collaborative Targeting The Network Centric Collaborative Targeting (NCCT) has been successfully demonstrated during the Joint Expeditionary Force Experiment 2004 (JEFX-04), according to ComCept, which leads the Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) industry team working on the project. JEFX-04 is an Air Force sponsored combatant experiment combining live fly, live play, ground and naval forces, simulations, and technology insertion into a near-seamless warfighting environment. Held this summer, JEFX-04 was a highly focused experiment designed to validate NCCT capabilities that can be rapidly fielded. At JEFX-04, the NCCT successfully located and identified critically important ground threats, including both time critical targets and targets prioritized by the commander. These threats limited exposure time and used other tactics similar to those observed in recent wars to prevent being targeted. However, through its coordinated and collaborative sensor networking techniques, NCCT provided targeting data to decision makers inside of the deception timelines. ComCept, a division of L-3 Communications, leads the NCCT ACTD industry team responsible for design and development of network centric collaborative sensing, communications, and real-time networking of multiple airborne Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) assets. Other participating L-3 divisions include Integrated Systems and Communication-Systems West. The intent of the NCCT ACTD is to develop an open network-centric architecture and software design that horizontally integrates air, space, and ground assets through machine-to-machine exchanges. In this manner, NCCT supports time sensitive and prioritized targeting operations more efficiently, accurately, and quickly. During the exercise, NCCT correlated data from Rivet Joint, U-2, JSTARS, surrogate UAV, and national assets into composite tracks, including identification and location, significantly faster than existing systems. “This demonstration was the first time multiple sensors on multiple platforms were successfully networked in real time, which will change the way current and future ISR systems will be employed to identify and engage targets,” said Mark Von Schwarz, president of ComCept. As part of the concept, NCCT integrates common software applications on all sensor platforms to change the way they gather, process and report information with the goal of providing a common correlated picture to all network participants. All participating platforms and ground stations can exchange data, as well as cue other participants to coherently collect and reveal information otherwise unreported by individual stove-piped platforms. Sensor information from NCCT platforms is combined to create a more complete view of the Battle Space. By efficiently networking and synchronizing sensors in real-time and combining multiple types of sensor detections, NCCT significantly increases the probability of detection and identification of fixed, stationary, or moving surface targets while reducing the time required to accomplish these actions by more than 90 percent. --Military Aerospace Technology, Dec. 1, 2004 www.agi.com

Netcentric geospatial intel sharing AGI User's Conference October 2005 Netcentric geospatial intel sharing INSCOM multi-int geodatabases Large data volumes Multi-theater ESRI geodatabases (SDE) Multi-client, available to Army and Joint Forces STK 4D common operating picture (4D-COP) 4D = 3D (x-y-z) + time Fuse shared maps, imagery, geospatial intel layers with real-time data feeds Single integrated picture of land, sea, air, space INSCOM instantiating multi-int geodatabases Large volumes of maps, imagery, and multi-int intelligence data Stored in ESRI geodatabases (SDE) for multiple clients Databases being developed for multiple theaters Making data available to other Army and Joint Forces For use in multiple intelligence analysis and visualization tools STK Tool Suite Provides 4D Common Operating Picture (4D-COP) 4D = 3D (x-y-z) + time Fuse shared maps, imagery, and intelligence layers (geospatial) with real-time data feeds Gives one integrated picture of land, sea, air, and space www.agi.com

Common questions answered by the 4D-COP What assets are in my area of interest? Where are my blue forces? When is my next imagery opportunity? Does blue forces activity intersect with enemy travel routes?

4D-COP: From space to ground AGI User's Conference October 2005 4D-COP: From space to ground Space assets Accurate picture of national assets & fields of view Air assets Real time view of collection platforms Accurate sensor footprints Real time tactical data feeds 3D ATO/ACO with timeline view Ground and sea forces Blue force tracking via GCCS Mil STD 2525b symbology Geo-DB’s hold ground force data, disposition, etc Mapping Real time NITF imagery Multiple layers of maps/imagery Feature datasets: Roads, railroads, towers, etc Space Assets STK provides accurate picture of where current national assets are and their fields of view Air Assets Real time view of collection platforms Accurate display of sensor footprints Real time tactical data feeds 3D display of ATO / ACO combined with timeline view Ground and Sea Forces Blue force tracking via GCCS Mil STD 2525b symbology Geospatial intelligence stored in Geodatabases -Ground Force databases, disposition of forces, etc Mapping Real time NITF imagery direct from sources Multiple map layers CADRG to 1 m imagery laid over terrain data Geospatial Features: Roads, railroads, buildings, towers, etc… www.agi.com

4D-COP: multiple dynamic views Multiple customizable dynamic windows Manipulate views independently for situational awareness Zoom in on areas of interest

4D-COP: moving objects Symbology: 2525b NTDS Models

4D-COP: airborne assets Airborne assets shown at altitude

4D-COP: sensor projections Dynamic sensor display Accurate area coverage and over-flight visualization

4D-COP: geospatial data GIS feature data from: ArcSDE ArcIMS pGDB Shapefiles Vector and raster data sets Import by user defined areas Custom queries allow user to view only data of interest

GDM demonstration 4D geodynamic situational awareness for the warfighter

Closing remarks INSCOM IDC adopted as JIOC architecture Embeds STK technology for advanced visualization Currently installed at JFCOM locally Recently deployed to JIOC-I Single integrated picture of real-time assets & multi-int geospatial data 4D geodynamic situational awareness for the warfighter ~ QUESTIONS? ~