1 Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Week of Oct. 27 Week of Nov. 3 Forest ecology lab – dress for weather Exam 2 no OH Week of Nov. 10 Independent project analysis.

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1 Mon. Tues. Wed. Thurs. Fri. Week of Oct. 27 Week of Nov. 3 Forest ecology lab – dress for weather Exam 2 no OH Week of Nov. 10 Independent project analysis Week of Nov. 17 River ecology lab – dress for weather Lab Exam no OH T lab switch?

2 For exam: - Chaps. 6,7,8,13 - Chap. 14 – only equations and concepts we talked about in class - Chapter 15 – only through p Lab open for counting Lemna every day

3 Structure of course Environmental variability Organisms Ecosystems Populations Species interactions Communities Applied Ecological Issues

4 Species interactions Introduction Consumer/resources interactions (predation, herbivory, parasitism) Competition Mutualism

5 Change in pop. size of one species has an effect on growth rate of other species

6 Species interactions Introduction Consumer/resources interactions (predation, herbivory, parasitism) Competition Mutualism

7 - + ResourceConsumer Consumer/resource interactions Arrows represent effect on growth rate

8 ConsumerResource PredatorPrey ParasiteHost HerbivorePlant/algae DetritivoreDead organic matter

9 Consumer form and function tied to their diet Examples??

10 Consumer/resource interactions 1.Predation 2.Herbivory 3.Parasitism 4.Dynamics of C/R interactions

11 Given that predators have adaptations that allow them to capture prey, why don’t predators drive their prey extinct?

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13 May 15 May 30 June 15 June % 0% Cicada mortality due to predation Live cicadas per 1,000 m 2 6,000 3,000 0 Periodical cicadas Decline due to thunderstorm

Prey Predator The predator’s predator -

15 Consumer/resource interactions 1.Predation 2.Herbivory 3.Parasitism 4.Dynamics of C/R interactions

16 Given that herbivores have adaptations that allow them to exploit resource, Why don’t herbivores drive plants extinct? Or Why is the world green?

17

18 Figure 17.1 Spatial refuge

19 Index of cone production Production of population not individuals Cost

20 Consumer/resource interactions 1.Predation 2.Herbivory 3.Parasitism 4.Dynamics of C/R interactions

21 How is a parasite different from a predator?

22 Parasites are incredibly diverse Examples?

23 Parasites on wood mice On skin – 1 sp. tick. On fur – 12 sp. of mites, 1 sp. tick, 11 sp. fleas, 1 sp. lice. In stomach – 1 sp. roundworm. In small intestine – 3 sp. roundworms, 3 sp. flatworms, 2 sp. flagellates, 1 sp. ciliate, 1 sp. amoeba. In liver – 1 sp. tapeworm. etc. 47 species not counting bacteria and viruses

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25 Challenges for a parasite

26 Figure 17.14

27 tapeworm in a crow pillbug = intermediate host tapeworm changes pillbug behavior

28 Challenges for a parasite 2. overcoming host defenses

29 Consumer/resource interactions 1.Predation 2.Herbivory 3.Parasitism 4.Dynamics of C/R interactions

30 Dynamics of consumer/resource interactions Consumers can reduce resource populations Examples of cycles Models of consumer/resource interactions

31 Figure Effect on growth rate

32 Figure 18.3

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