1 Pertemuan 12 Making Inferences Matakuliah: G1072/Reading 1 Tahun: 2005 Versi: revisi 0

2 Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : Menunjukkan hubungan antara kata dengan ‘kata ganti’ (making inferences)

3 Outline Materi Literal and Implied Meaning Learning to Summarize Recognizing Negative Prefixes Real-Life Reading: Personal Ads

4 Making Inferences Successful second language learners must inevitably learn to cope with the challenges of unfamiliar language and missing information. Thus, the ability to think critically and logically are essential characteristics of effective learners. Teachers can help students deal with language challenges by teaching problem-solving strategies such as inferencing, often referred to as making educated guesses.

5 Making Inferences Making inferences is used to guess the meaning of unfamiliar language structures and filling in missing information based on: what is known about the topic; the content of the text; knowledge of language structures; knowledge of text structure; other context clues (e.g., non-verbal cues, pictures, etc.).

6 Making Inferences Often, the information students need to solve problems is already available if they just look at other parts of the task and at their own resources. Drawing inferences can help students quickly solve problems without having to go to another person or reference material.

7 Making Inferences Inferencing, which is most often used when reading and listening in the target language, is one of the fastest and most natural ways of acquiring additional vocabulary. It is easier to remember information/words when the learner is the one actively constructing meaning.

8 Making Inferences Through its six years of learning strategies research, the NCLRC has found that most students use the strategy of making inferences. However, usage differs between more and less effective learners in that good learners rely on all types of background knowledge to make inferences. Less effective learners tend to rely on context clues such as pictures.

9 Making Inferences More effective learners also tend to be more active in their construction of meaning. Less effective learners seem to lack confidence in their own abilities or knowledge base and frequently give up without trying to make a guess at the meaning