3.1 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Goals  Identify the features of Active Directory  Understand Active Directory architecture  Examine underlying Active Directory concepts  Understand the basic elements of Active Directory  Plan the implementation of Active Directory  Install Active Directory  Work with Microsoft Management Console (MMC) and snap-ins  Create organizational units  Manage Active Directory objects

3.2 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Identifying the Features of Active Directory  Active Directory is the directory service for Windows Server 2003  Features  Centralized management  Security  Object-oriented storage  Hierarchical organization  Multi-master replication  Integration with DNS  Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) support  Standard name formats  Scalability (Skill 1)

3.3 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-1 Active Directory (Skill 1)

3.4 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-2 Replication (Skill 1)

3.5 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Introducing Active Directory Architecture  Active Directory is built in a layered architecture in which the layers represent processes that provide directory services to client applications  Active Directory includes three service layers, several interfaces and protocols, and the underlying Data Store  Service layers of Active Directory  Directory System Agent (DSA) Layer  Database Layer  Extensible Storage Engine Layer  Data Store contains the Active Directory database records (Skill 2)

3.6 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-3 Active Directory Architecture (Skill 2)

3.7 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Examining Underlying Active Directory Concepts Schema  Contains formal definitions of every object class that can be created in an Active Directory forest  Contains formal definitions of every attribute that can exist in an Active Directory object  Is the database design, which can be extended by adding new object classes or new attributes (Skill 3)

3.8 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-4 Schema (Skill 3)

3.9 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Examining Underlying Active Directory Concepts (2) Global catalog  Stores a full Read-Write replica of all object attributes in the directory for its host domain  Stores a partial replica of all object attributes contained in the directory for every domain in the forest along with universal groups and group members  Has the ability to search the entire forest, but also keeps the database relatively light, allowing for improved replication  Global catalog server is the name of the domain controller that maintains the global catalog (Skill 3)

3.10 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-5 Global Catalog in Active Directory (Skill 3)

3.11 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Examining Underlying Active Directory Concepts (3) Namespace  Bounded area in which the names used to identify objects are resolved  Defines the domain structure in Active Directory  Provides name resolution through the use of the Domain Name System (DNS), which is central to the operation of Windows networks  Without proper name resolution, users cannot locate resources on the network  Domains with contiguous namespaces are members of the same tree  A forest is a collection of domains sharing the same schema, configuration, and global catalog (Skill 3)

3.12 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-6 Contiguous namespaces (tree) (Skill 3)

3.13 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-7 Disjointed namespaces (multiple trees) (Skill 3)

3.14 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Examining Underlying Active Directory Concepts (4)  Active Directory uniquely identifies each object  Globally Unique Identifier (GUID)  Distinguished Name (DN)  Relative Distinguished Name (RDN)  User Principal Name (UPN) (Skill 3)

3.15 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-8 Naming conventions (Skill 3)

3.16 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-9 The DN and RDN for a user object (Skill 3)

3.17 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Introducing the Basic Elements of Active Directory Object  Any “thing” (tangible or abstract) about which data is stored  Can be a network resource, such as a user, group, printer, or a virtual object such as a forest, tree, domain, or OU  Each is defined by a set of attributes related to its properties  When you create an object, the Active Directory is populated with some of the attributes for the object (Skill 4)

3.18 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Introducing the Basic Elements of Active Directory (2) Common types of objects  Computer  User  Group  Shared Folder  Printer (Skill 4)

3.19 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Introducing the Basic Elements of Active Directory (3) Domain  A group of computers and devices on a network that constitute a single security boundary within Active Directory, but can span more than one physical location  Each has its own security policies and security relationships with other domains  Domains co-existing under the same namespace form a single tree  When multiple domains are connected by trust relationships and share a common schema, configuration, and global catalog, they constitute a forest (Skill 4)

3.20 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Introducing the Basic Elements of Active Directory (4) Types of computers in a domain  Domain controller  A computer that stores a replica of the directory database  Stores security policies and accounts  Member server  A Windows NT 4.0, 2000, or Server 2003 computer that is part of a domain  Does not store a replica of the directory database  Client computers  Computers running operating systems that can communicate with the Active Directory for user authentication and resource access (Skill 4)

3.21 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-10 Hierarchical structure of Active Directory (Skill 4)

3.22 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Introducing the Basic Elements of Active Directory (5) Organizational unit (OU)  A container object for organizing objects within a domain  Can contain users, groups, resources, and other OUs  Enables the delegation of administration to distinct segments of the directory, which provides more flexibility in managing the objects in a business unit, department, or other organizational division  Administration of grouped OUs  Creation and organization of child OUs  Delegation of permissions within specific OUs  Assignment of Group Policy links (Skill 4)

3.23 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Introducing the Basic Elements of Active Directory (6) Tree  A set of one or more domains in a hierarchical structure  The first domain created in the forest is called the forest root and this is where the forest name is specified  All domain trees in a forest share the same forest root  If a new tree is created after the forest root, the first domain that is added to this tree is called the root domain  Domains under the root domain are called child domains  Any domain immediately above another domain is called the parent domain (Skill 4)

3.24 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-11 Multiple domains in a tree (Skill 4)

3.25 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Introducing the Basic Elements of Active Directory (7) Forest  A group of one or more Active Directory domains sharing a common schema, configuration, global catalog, and two-way, transitive trusts  All trees in a given forest trust each other through transitive two- way trust relationships  A forest exists as a set of cross-referenced objects and trust relationships known to the member trees  Trees in a forest form a hierarchy for the purposes of trust (Skill 4)

3.26 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-12 Forest (Skill 4)

3.27 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Introducing the Basic Elements of Active Directory (8) Sites  A location in a network holding Active Directory servers  Defined as one or more well connected TCP/IP subnets, meaning that network connectivity is highly reliable and fast (Skill 4)

3.28 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-13 Site (Skill 4)

3.29 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Planning the Implementation of Active Directory Key planning steps  Understand the business requirements of your organization  Plan the namespace  Design the site  Combine subnets that run over high bandwidth network connections so they are economical and reliable  Create one or more sites for domains that spread over two or more far-reaching geographic locations  Plan the domain structure (Skill 5)

3.30 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-14 A domain/OU structure for an organization (Skill 5)

3.31 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Installing Active Directory  After completing the planning phase, install Active Directory on the Windows Server 2003 using the Active Directory Installation Wizard (Dcpromo.exe)  After first-time installation  Active Directory forest is created  First domain created in the forest is the forest root  Forest root comprises the first Active Directory tree and this first domain is called the root domain  Domains created under the root domain are called child domains (Skill 6)

3.32 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Installing Active Directory (2) Mixed mode  When you create a domain, by default the domain is configured to run in Windows 2000 mixed mode  Allows the coexistence of Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Windows Server 2003 domains Windows 2000 native mode  If your domain consists of only Windows 2000 domain controllers, you can switch to Windows 2000 native mode  Native mode supports Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003 domains (Skill 6)

3.33 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Installing Active Directory (3) Windows Server 2003 interim mode  If your domain has only Windows NT 4.0 servers, and you upgrade a server to Windows Server 2003, you can use Windows Server 2003 interim mode  Used when there are no Windows 2000 servers and you upgrade a Windows NT PDC to Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2003 mode  If your domain consists of only Windows Server 2003 domain controllers, you can switch to Windows Server 2003 mode  Supports the full Windows Server 2003 Active Directory implementation (Skill 6)

3.34 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-15 Detecting Local Area network settings (Skill 6)

3.35 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-16 The Server Role screen (Skill 6)

3.36 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-17 The Operating System Compatibility screen (Skill 6)

3.37 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-18 The Domain Controller Type screen (Skill 6)

3.38 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-19 The Create New Domain screen (Skill 6)

3.39 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-20 Specifying the full DNS domain name (Skill 6)

3.40 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-21 The NetBIOS Domain Name screen (Skill 6)

3.41 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-22 The Permissions screen (Skill 6)

3.42 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Working with Microsoft Management Console (MMC) and Snap-Ins Microsoft Management Console (MMC)  An ISV (Independent Software Vendor)-extensible, common console framework for management applications  Provides a common host environment for snap-ins, which provide the actual management behavior  Does not provide any management functionality by itself (Skill 7)

3.43 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Working with Microsoft Management Console (MMC) and Snap-Ins (2) Snap-ins  Used to perform administrative tasks  Manage computers, services, and networks  Edit multiple user objects  Save queries  Quickly select objects using the improved object picker component (Skill 7)

3.44 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Working with Microsoft Management Console (MMC) and Snap-Ins (3) Snap-in types  Stand-alone snap-in  Often referred to simply as a snap-in  Provides management functionality without requiring support from another snap-in  Used to perform administrative tasks even if no other snap-in is present in the console  Extension snap-ins  Often referred to simply as an extension  Require a parent snap-in above it in the console tree  Extend the functionality provided by other snap-ins (Skill 7)

3.45 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-23 An empty console window (Skill 7)

3.46 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-24 Setting the Author mode in the Console Options dialog box (Skill 7)

3.47 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-25 The Add Standalone Snap-in dialog box (Skill 7)

3.48 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-26 Using a snap-in to manage the local computer (Skill 7)

3.49 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-27 Removing snap-in extensions (Skill 7)

3.50 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-28 Console Root with selected extensions (Skill 7)

3.51 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Creating Organizational Units  You use the Active Directory Users and Computers console to create an organizational unit (OU) and to add objects to OUs  You can create an OU in a domain, in a domain controller object, or in another OU if you have been delegated permission to do so  By default, Windows Server 2003 grants permission to members of the Administrators group to create an OU (Skill 8)

3.52 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-29 Creating an Organizational Unit (OU) (Skill 8)

3.53 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-30 The Marketing OU added to the domain (Skill 8)

3.54 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-31 Creating a new user object (Skill 8)

3.55 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-32 Properties dialog box (Skill 8)

3.56 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Managing Active Directory Objects  Searching for objects  Global catalog contains partial information about objects in a forest  Use the Find Users, Contacts, and Groups dialog box  Delegating administrative control  Allows you to delegate complete or partial administrative control  Use the Delegation of Control Wizard  Modifying objects  Allows you to modify objects to meet changing needs  Use the Properties dialog box  Moving objects  Allows you to move objects to meet changing needs  Use the Move dialog box (Skill 9)

3.57 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-33 The Find Users, Contacts, and Groups dialog box (Skill 9)

3.58 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-34 Finding a user in Active Directory (Skill 9)

3.59 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Managing Active Directory Objects (2) Securing resources  Object security  Active Directory provides a set of security descriptors for each object called a Discretionary Access Control List (DACL) defining how the object can be accessed  Each file or folder on an NTFS drive has a DACL, which contains Access Control Entries (ACEs)  ACEs contain the SID of the user or group and the permissions associated with that user or group  Account logon security protects a computer and its resources from unauthorized access (Skill 9)

3.60 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-35 Finding the Distinguished Name (Skill 9)

3.61 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Exam Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment Lesson 3: Introducing Active Directory Figure 3-36 Moving a user object (Skill 9)