What is Our Engineering Research Project? Vinay Dulip Chemistry Teacher – Moody High School Marguerita Guerra Science Specialist – MacArthur High School Synthesis of bulk nanocrystalline metals by severe plastic deformation E3 Teacher Summer Research Program for Secondary Math and Science Teachers

Teacher Preparations Lesson taught as nature of science lesson Prebake clay pieces at 3 minute intervals the day before Complete questions as introduction Complete bending exercise as part of introduction

Hardness The ability to resist being scratched. Object made of hard material will scratch material made of softer material.

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Objective The student will experimentally determine the relationship between hardness and temperature by indenting various pieces of clay that have been heated for various time periods.

Materials Indenter Metric ruler 6 pieces of clay heat treated for different time periods Graph paper

Procedure for Clay Indentations Safety Reminder: Test the hardness of clay pieces only. Place Clay A on the indenter device. Lift the arm of the indenter Drop the indenter arm on the clay. Measure the depth of the indentation. Repeat above steps with Clay B, Clay C, Clay D, Clay E, Clay F and Clay G.

Procedure for Metal Indentations Place the metal on the indenter device. Lift the arm of the indenter Drop the indenter arm on the clay. Repeat steps 1-3 with the other metal.

Fancy Oven for heat treatment (Annealing)

Indents in Control and longest timed sample Control Sample not baked Sample baked for 18 minutes

Construct a table with the data collected. Polymer ClayABCDE Depth in mm - Trial 1 Depth in mm - Trial 2 Average depth – (Indent)

Construct a graph illustrating the relationship between the depth of the indentation vs. the amount of time the clay was heated. Best Fit - Exponential Best Fit - Linear

Conclusion Is the force applied to the clay pieces varied or held constant? Explain What is the independent variable in this experiment? Why? What is the dependent variable in this experiment? Why? What is the control in this experiment? What is the relationship between the depth of the indentation and the amount of time the clay was heated? Based on your data and observations, describe what happens to the hardness of the clay as it is heated.

Acknowledgements Special thanks to Dr. X. Zhang Engang Fu Nan Li Dr. Shrinivasa Dr. Conkey

The experience was what it was because of each of you!

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