5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 1 S.M.A.R.T. English Teaching with the Internet: Critical Links and Tipping Points I am always doing what I cannot do yet, in order to learn how to do it. Vincent Van Gogh

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 2 Before We Begin: Presentation focuses on Internet, but concepts apply to traditional teaching as well Presentation focuses on Internet, but concepts apply to traditional teaching as well Plenary serves as an example of technology- enhanced presentation Plenary serves as an example of technology- enhanced presentation You can access the PowerPoint presentation at uras.html (address on your handout). You can access the PowerPoint presentation at uras.html (address on your handout). uras.html uras.html Handout provides main points of the talk. Handout provides main points of the talk. Try to predict meaning of “terms” on handout. Revisit after talk. Try to predict meaning of “terms” on handout. Revisit after talk.

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 3 Internet Magic Trick Competition Why did I begin my talk with The Virtual Mind Reader? Why did I begin my talk with The Virtual Mind Reader?The Virtual Mind ReaderThe Virtual Mind Reader How does the Virtual Mind Reader work? How does the Virtual Mind Reader work? First three teachers to turn in correct answers in writing to both questions each win a book! First three teachers to turn in correct answers in writing to both questions each win a book! Good luck! Good luck!

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 4 Use of Internet to Prepare for Trip to Honduras ed friends and family ed friends and family Checked online maps Checked online maps Checked weather for this time of year Checked weather for this time of year Checked for electric current and plug info. Checked for electric current and plug info. Checked for airline travel information Checked for airline travel information Gathered information on Honduras Gathered information on Honduras

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 5 Use of Internet to “Meet” Tegucigalpa Over one million residents Over one million residents Tegucigalpa=Nahuatl name=Silver Mountain Tegucigalpa=Nahuatl name=Silver Mountain Mining center during colonial times Mining center during colonial times Tegus = nickname Tegus = nickname La zona viva = commercial center La zona viva = commercial center Christ of the Picacho = monument depicting Tegus. Christ of the Picacho = monument depicting Tegus. Felt familiar when I arrived Felt familiar when I arrived

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 6 Use of Internet to Prepare for Conference Presentations ed conference organizers to plan presentations ed conference organizers to plan presentations Found and bought books online Found and bought books online Consulted online resources/journals Consulted online resources/journals Downloaded Web pages/images to enhance talk. Downloaded Web pages/images to enhance talk. Published plenary and workshop materials for you and a worldwide audience Published plenary and workshop materials for you and a worldwide audience

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 7 Personal Uses of Internet Read online newspapers to keep up with world events Read online newspapers to keep up with world events Reserve books from the local library Reserve books from the local library Help my son with his homework Help my son with his homework Read movie reviews Read movie reviews Make travel arrangements Make travel arrangements Send greeting and holiday electronic cards Send greeting and holiday electronic cards Check weather to plan outings Check weather to plan outings Many many more! The Internet empowers me! Many many more! The Internet empowers me!

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 8 Skills Students Need: Reading Finding appropriate information to read by searching the Internet Finding appropriate information to read by searching the Internet Evaluating the source of information Evaluating the source of information Determining whether to follow hyperlinks Determining whether to follow hyperlinks Deciding whether to save or catalog information for later access Deciding whether to save or catalog information for later access (Warschauer, M. (2001). Millennialism and media: Language, literacy, and technology in the 21st century. AILA Review 14, )

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 9 Skills Students Need: Writing Incorporating text, graphics and audio into multimedia pages for the Web Incorporating text, graphics and audio into multimedia pages for the Web Creating and making effective use of hypertext links to convey the message Creating and making effective use of hypertext links to convey the message Tailoring the writing to a hard-to-predict Internet audience Tailoring the writing to a hard-to-predict Internet audience Using appropriate pragmatic strategies for the intended electronic forum Using appropriate pragmatic strategies for the intended electronic forum (Warschauer, M. (2001). Millennialism and media: Language, literacy, and technology in the 21st century. AILA Review 14, )

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 10 Our Challenge as Teachers To help our students acquire these 21st century educational and workplace skills. To help our students acquire these 21st century educational and workplace skills. How can this be accomplished? How can this be accomplished? –Become adept at these tasks ourselves first –Join with our students in meaningful, motivating classroom activities incorporating these skills –Practice and master the skills in the context of English language study.

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 11 Barriers to Overcome 63% of those in U.S. have Internet access 63% of those in U.S. have Internet access 20 % in Honduras (estimate) 20 % in Honduras (estimate) Limited supply of computers in home/school Limited supply of computers in home/school Slow and/or expensive Internet access Slow and/or expensive Internet access Lack of time required to learn new skills Lack of time required to learn new skills Lack of teacher training in CALL Lack of teacher training in CALL Risk of working in an unfamiliar teaching environment Risk of working in an unfamiliar teaching environment (Greenspan, 2002)

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 12 Honduran Comments on Rewards of Using Internet Obstacles Obstacles –Limited access –Physically and mentally taxing –Cut into time with family –Fear of making errors Benefits Benefits –Learned modern skills for self and students –Formed new professional relationships –Became a better teacher –Created Web-based lessons –Gained new confidence in using technology –Can help students be successful in 21st century

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 13 Internet Use in the U.S. What Teachers Say 98% of schools and 77% of classrooms have Internet 84% of teachers believe Internet access improves quality of education BUT 2/3 of teachers say Internet not optimally integrated into curriculum Only 20% of teachers consider themselves well prepared to use technology in the classroom (Cradler, Freeman, Cradler & McNabb, 2002)

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 14 Internet Use in the U.S. What Students Say The quality of Internet-based assignments is poor and uninspiring. The quality of Internet-based assignments is poor and uninspiring. Students want to be assigned more-- and more engaging--Internet activities that are relevant to their lives. Students want to be assigned more-- and more engaging--Internet activities that are relevant to their lives. Implication: Teachers are the key! Implication: Teachers are the key! The digital disconnect: the widening gap between internet-savvy students and their schools. Available online at:

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 15 Critical Features of Teacher Training Opportunities to explore, reflect, and collaborate with peers Opportunities to explore, reflect, and collaborate with peers Work on authentic learning tasks Work on authentic learning tasks Engage in hands-on, active learning Engage in hands-on, active learning In essence, the principles for creating successful learning environments for children apply to teachers as well. In essence, the principles for creating successful learning environments for children apply to teachers as well. Cradler, J. ( ). Effective Integration. Learning and Leading with Technology 30 (4) Available online at: 30_4.pdf

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 16 Integrating the Internet into the Classroom Offered three times per year Enrolls from 20 to 40 teacher participants Designed to be teacher- lead but... Free and open for teacher self-study. Use with students if appropriate Web address in your handout.

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 17 S.M.A.R.T. Framework Synthesis of language and thinking skills Synthesis of language and thinking skills Motivating content and meaningful communication Motivating content and meaningful communication Appropriate for culture, age and language ability of students. Appropriate for culture, age and language ability of students. Relevant to curriculum and to students’ lives Relevant to curriculum and to students’ lives Tangible product with evaluation and feedback. Tangible product with evaluation and feedback.

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 18 “Integrating” Course - Week 1 Teachers learn about : Communications tools Communications tools –Mailing lists, Web bulletin board, Chat A framework for organizing Web content A framework for organizing Web content Activity Formats Activity Formats –Hotlists, Subject Samplers, Treasure Hunts, WebQuests

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 19 “Integrating” Course - Week 2 Teachers learn to: Develop effective Internet searching strategies Develop effective Internet searching strategies Evaluate Web materials for authority, accuracy, objectivity and more Evaluate Web materials for authority, accuracy, objectivity and more Create and post to the Internet Web-based activities designed for their students. Create and post to the Internet Web-based activities designed for their students.

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 20 “Integrating” Course - Week 3 Teachers are: Exploring telecomputing projects to facilitate meaningful communication Exploring telecomputing projects to facilitate meaningful communication Designing Web pages for the classroom Designing Web pages for the classroom Creating Web-based quizzes, surveys, puzzles and games to enhance learning. Creating Web-based quizzes, surveys, puzzles and games to enhance learning. Reporting the results of research done with colleagues during the online course. Reporting the results of research done with colleagues during the online course.

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 21 Communications Tools: Important form of business communication Important form of business communication Higher frequency than telephone or face to face contact. Higher frequency than telephone or face to face contact. Excellent communicative potential in classroom Excellent communicative potential in classroom Students need guidance and practice with discourse and pragmatics rules Students need guidance and practice with discourse and pragmatics rules

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 22 Communications Tools: Web Bulletin Boards - Nicenet Free, reliable, low-tech requirements Free, reliable, low-tech requirements Post class schedule Post class schedule Share ideas for content- learning Share ideas for content- learning Interactive journaling Interactive journaling Link and document sharing Link and document sharing Easy to learn Easy to learn Unlimited # of classes. Unlimited # of classes.

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 23 Communications Tools: Online Chat - Tapped In Free global forum for educators Free global forum for educators Individual virtual offices Individual virtual offices Text-based chat Text-based chat Private messaging Private messaging Bulletin boards Bulletin boards Chat transcripts Chat transcripts Calendar of professional development events. Calendar of professional development events. Start with virtual tour. Start with virtual tour.

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 24 Pull out, Betty! Pull out!... You’ve tapped into the Internet!

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 25 Categories for Organizing Web Content by Tom March Enrichments Enrichments References References Resources Resources Lessons Lessons Tools Tools Projects Projects Activities Activities

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 26 Directory v. Search Engine Human-organized collection of resources Human-organized collection of resources Often organized by topic Often organized by topic Often annotated and sorted Often annotated and sorted Often searchable Often searchable Many high quality educational directories Many high quality educational directories Computer-collected resources Findings depend on search terms Rankings depend on key words and site popularity Results depend on skill of searcher

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 27 Blue Web’n

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 28 Marco Polo

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 29 OELP Online English Language Center

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 30 KidsClick

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 31 Enchanted Learning

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 32 ESL Independent Study Lab

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 33 Embarrassment of Riches The Internet is an embarrassment of riches that’s next to worthless without an educator. Tom March

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 34 Web Site Evaluation Anyone can publish (pros and cons) No editors to insure credentials Evaluation is critical skill for teachers and students Evaluate Web sites with your students using simple but effective checklists

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 35 Web Site Evaluation A Harmless Example

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 36 Web Site Evaluation A Dangerous Example 14 year old Zack: “I’m working on a paper on how the Holocaust never happened.” Teacher responds, “Zack, where did you hear the holocaust never happened?” “The Internet. It’s on a page at Northwestern University.”

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 37 Basics of Web Site Evaluation Work hands-on with students. Use a basic checklist. Help them to: Decide if material is comprehensible for them Decide if material is comprehensible for them Determine motive of author: inform or persuade Determine motive of author: inform or persuade Evaluate authority of author Evaluate authority of author Check for accuracy of information and links Check for accuracy of information and links Establish whether site is current Establish whether site is current Determine if coverage is complete Determine if coverage is complete

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 38 The Humanitarian Aspect If education is to be truly liberating, it must focus upon the existing situation of people, allowing them to reflect upon their condition and empowering them to change it. --Paulo Freire

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 39 The Hunger Site

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 40 The Hunger Site - Details 222,000 people click “free food” every day 222,000 people click “free food” every day Value of 1.1 cup of staples for each click Value of 1.1 cup of staples for each click 100% of site advertising donated in 74 countries 100% of site advertising donated in 74 countries What could students do? What could students do? –Research/report on how site funded/food distributed –Research/report on other hunger efforts on Web –Get involved with local hunger relief efforts –Join with other students in global projects through groups such as iEARN (International Education and Resource Network).

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 41 Digital Vision Program

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 42 Digital Vision Program - Details A sabbatical program for technology professionals at Stanford University A sabbatical program for technology professionals at Stanford University Access all facilities for up to one academic year Access all facilities for up to one academic year Each fellow undertakes ICT project that addresses developing world problem Each fellow undertakes ICT project that addresses developing world problem Projects all have practical emphasis Projects all have practical emphasis

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 43 Bollywood Jukebox for Literacy SLS-Same Language Subtitling SLS-Same Language Subtitling Objective: Increase Literacy in India Objective: Increase Literacy in India Subtitle lyrics of music videos on T.V. Subtitle lyrics of music videos on T.V. Subtitles and audio in same language Subtitles and audio in same language 150 million viewers weekly 150 million viewers weekly 90% of viewers prefer programs with SLS 90% of viewers prefer programs with SLS Here’s an example of SLS Here’s an example of SLSexample of SLSexample of SLS

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 44 Critical Links Internet is more than computer network Internet is a network of people Unparalleled ability to collaborate Universal Internet access does not guarantee success in education Teachers are the critical links

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 45 Role of the Teacher Teacher should not be a sage on the stage Teacher should not be a guide on the side Teacher should be an expert learner Teacher should be part of the learning process Teacher should model learning for the students Teacher should help students construct new knowledge --Tom Carroll

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 46 The Tipping Point How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 47 The Tipping Point Critical Actors Required: Connectors - Have special gifts for bringing people together and for working well in groups. Connectors - Have special gifts for bringing people together and for working well in groups. Mavens - Possess special knowledge and are willing to share and mentor others. Mavens - Possess special knowledge and are willing to share and mentor others. Salespeople - Are gifted at persuasion and have a positive attitude when advocating for an idea. Salespeople - Are gifted at persuasion and have a positive attitude when advocating for an idea.

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 48 Tipping Point People 400 Teachers From Over 20 Countries

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 49 Helping to Negotiate the Learning Curve

5/26/05Michael Krauss Tegucigalpa, Honduras 50 S.M.A.R.T. English Teaching with the Internet: Critical Links and Tipping Points Knowledge is of no value unless you put it into practice. Anton Chekhov