Total Energy per glucose A) Cytosol – Glycolysis 2 NADH 2 ATP B) Mitochondrion – Pyruvate dehydrogenase 2 NADH --Krebs 6 NADH 2 FADH 2 2 GTP 1

2 Abnormalities / Diseases Associated With PDH And The TCA Cycle 1)Genetic Deficiency of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase 2) Genetic Diseases of the TCA Cycle : Fumarase deficiency Succinate dehydrogenase α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

3 3) Thiamine Deficiency -- classical beriberi, Pyuvate Dehydrogenase α-ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Abnormalities / Diseases Associated With PDH And The TCA Cycle

Regulation of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle? About half page to be submitted next Wednesday before The class. Students Review Question? Additional questions would be sent through the on Thursday.

After Glycolysis What next after? Glucose → 2 Pyruvate Lactate (anaerobic) Acetyl-CoA (TCA cycle) 5

(oxidized) (reduced) 2. Conversion To Lactate (Anaerobic conditions) 6

7

Lactate can be transported by blood to liver and used in gluconeogenesis Cori cycle 8 Exercising muscles and the Cori Cycle

How do cytosolic/cytoplasmic NADH get into the mitochondrial?

1.glycerol 3-phosphateshuttle - NADH as FADH 2.malate-aspartate shuttle- NADH as NADH How do cytosolic/cytoplasmic NADH get into the mitochondrial?

11 The malate-aspartate shuttle.