J.P. Hornak, 1051-501, 2004 Research Practices 1051-501http://www.cis.rit.edu/class/simg-501/

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J.P. Hornak, , 2004 Research Practices http://

What is Research? … a systematic investigation designed to develop or contribute to generalized knowledge. Source: Code of Federal Regulations - Testing Hypothesis - Drawing Conclusions - Developing or Contributing Knowledge J.P. Hornak, , 2004

Observing

Our perception is our reality. As scientists we need to be vigilant to see with our eyes and not our mind.

J.P. Hornak, , 2004 Please carefully observe the demonstration I am about to perform. Describe in 100 words or less what happened during this demonstration.

J.P. Hornak, , 2004

Scientific Method J.P. Hornak, , 2004

Distinguishing Features Experimental - Hypothesis Driven Experiments Objective vs. Subjective - Quantitative Approach Replication of Experiment - Methods, Materials, and Procedure Statistical Procedure - Validity and Reliability J.P. Hornak, , 2004

What happens when the scientific method is not allowed to follow it s natural course? - Cold Fusion - Aluminum causes Alsheimer’s Disease - Electromagnetic fields from power lines causes cancer. - Silicone breast implants cause illness. Once the general public latches on to bad science, the perception is nearly impossible to change.

Scientific Method Observation Examine the problem. Review previous work. Hypothesis An explanation that accounts for a set of facts and that can be tested by further investigation. Experimentation A test made to examine the validity of a hypothesis. Test Hypothesis Do the experimental results support the hypothesis?YesNo Theory A hypothesis that has been tested & validated by many. J.P. Hornak, , 2004

Scientific Method Observation Examine the problem. Review previous work. Hypothesis An explanation that accounts for a set of facts and that can be tested by further investigation. Experimentation A test made to examine the validity of a hypothesis. Test Hypothesis Do the experimental results support the hypothesis?YesNo Theory A hypothesis that has been tested & validated by many. J.P. Hornak, , 2004

Published Sources Peer Reviewed Journals (SciFinder, Citation Index) Conference Proceedings Patents ( Books (amazon.com) Unpublished Sources Private Communications (Networking) Web Sites (Search Engines) Reviewing Previous Work J.P. Hornak, , 2004

Most Web sites are not peer reviewed Consider the following site: Web Sites – User Beware J.P. Hornak, , 2004

Citation Index Seminal Articles Importance Journal Name More Rigorous Peer Review Networking Experts in the field know which work is good. Experts in the field know which work is good.Institution/Laboratory Evaluating Previous Work J.P. Hornak, , 2004

Research Grants J.P. Hornak, , 2004

Distinguishing Features - Competitive Nature - Peer-Review Process - Application of the scientific method J.P. Hornak, , 2004

Research Granting Agencies Federal National Science Foundation (NSF) National Institute of Health (NIH) National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) US Army, Air Force, etc. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) InternationalNATOFoundations Dreyfus Foundation Petroleum Research Foundation (PRF) Other American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Pork J.P. Hornak, , 2004

What are granting agencies looking for? A return on their investment. Dissemination of results. Fulfill their charter. What are you looking for? Support for a research idea. J.P. Hornak, , 2004

Factors used to decide who gets funded? Proposed Science - Clarity, Soundness Track record Publication history J.P. Hornak, , 2004

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