A Pilot Project for Biodiversity and Climate Change Interoperability in the GEOSS Framework S.Nativi, P.Mazzetti, L.Bigagli, V.Angelini, E.Boldrini, É. Ó Tuama, H.Saarenmaa, J.Kerr, S.J.S.Khalsa Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG)‏ Annual Conference 2007 Bratislava, Slovakia September 2007

GBIF IP3 Working Group GBIF Secretariat –Éamonn O Tuama, Tim Robertson, Dave Martin, Donald Hobern IEEE & University of Colorado –Siri Jodha Khalsa Italian National Research Council (CNR-IMAA) & Univ. of Florence –Stefano Nativi, Paolo Mazzetti, Lorenzo Bigagli, Enrico Boldrini, Valerio Angelini, Ugo Mattia University of Ottawa –Jeremy Kerr University of Helsinki –Hannu Saarenmaa University of Tokyo –Motomi Ito WMO –David Thomas

Outline Interoperability scenarios between Biodiversity and Climate Change Adopted Solutions for the demonstrations –Datasets and their servers –Federated catalog –Information, computational and engineering views Demonstration

GEOSS IP3 (Interoperability Process Pilot Projects)‏ Main Objectives –Begin implementing GEOSS Clearinghouse and testing the processes –Lead up to a suite of demonstrations at a GEO Plenary –Implement a service register for different SBA Biodiversity is one of these GBIF Interoperability Scenario –Scenarios for interoperability between Biodiversity and Climate Change SBAs.

GBIF Interoperability Scenario A technique called Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM)‏ –The scientific approach for using primary biodiversity data for studying adaptation to various climate change scenarios has been created by Peterson & al. (2001, 2002). GBIF has been promoting this approach –GBIF has integrated 118 million primary biodiversity records from about 1000 databases, –GBIF has opened prototype web services to access them through a one stop shop The modelling tools for ENM are being made available through the Open Modeller project –An open framework –A set of web services

Biodiversity Data –availability of data –biological and ecological representativeness –expected susceptibility –Importance –on-line accessibility Climate Change Data –to find/generate useful parameters e.g. temperature, rainfall, vegetation, land use cover, etc –to span at least 30 years –to cover the useful areas georeferentiation right resolution (e.g. 0.25x0.25 degree)‏ –on-line accessibility Demonstration: requirements & issues

Demonstration: requirements & issues Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM)‏ –On-line accessible functionalities E.g. Web services –To support different type of models Interoperability –Federated catalog to discover, query and evaluate heterogeneous resources in a distributed way User Accessibility –To provide users with a neutral and simple client application e.g. AJAX application on a Web Browser

The Demonstration solutions

Adopted solutions 1.Write a formal and expanded use scenario 2.Use GBIF portal web services to access and retrieve the biodiversity data 3.Access and retrieve NCAR Climate Change data via OGC WCS 4.Interoperability with GBIF and Climate registries using GI- go/GI-cat federated catalog and Mediation Server (ISO19115 core metadata)‏ 5.Use the Open Modeller ENM framework through its SOAP functionalities 6.Put together an AJAX based demonstrator user interface

1. Write a formal and expanded use scenario Modeling the impact of climate change on the distribution of the butterflies of Canada and Alaska –Scientific name = amblyscirtes vialis –Species taxonomy: Animalia ->arthropoda ->insecta ->lepidoptera ->hesperiidae ->amblyscirtes ->amblyscirtes vialis

2. Use GBIF web services to access and retrieve the biodiversity data International organisation launched under the OECD Megascience Forum in 2001 –40 countries, 33 int’l organisations members Network of primary data –200 providers in 30 countries, connecting over 1000 databases, 124 million records of in-situ observations Building on Biodiversity Informatics Standards ( –Darwin Core, ABCD, DiGIR, BioCASE, TAPIR,... –MoU with OGC Infrastructure –UDDI Registry, Data Portal, Cache of all data, Web Services GBIF Central Data Portal –supports data validation and cleaning tasks

3. Access and retrieve via OGC WCS Climate Change data Data Source –GIS Climate Change Scenarios project conducted by the NCAR GIS Initiative –Provide Web access to free global datasets of climate change scenarios generated for the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) by the Community Climate System Model (CCSM). Served through a WCS server –Downloaded from the NCAR GIS portal –Processed to generate Grid Coverages –Uploaded data and metadata to a WCS 1.0 server

3. Access and retrieve via OGC WCS Climate Change data Climate model outputs considered –Time Present situation in: 2000 Future situations in: 2010, 2020, 2030, 2040, 2050 for 3 different climate change scenarios (named A1, B1, A1B)‏ 1 month of resolution –Space 1 x 1 degree of resolution –Parameters TSSurface Temperature PRWAtmosphere Water Vapor Content PRPrecipitation Flux PRSNSnow Fall Flux CLWVIAtmosphere Cloud Condensed Water Content MRRORunoff Flux MRSOSoil Moisture Content Minimum and maximum monthly average surface temperatures are generated

4. Interoperability with GBIF and climatological registries Mediation Metadata Model: ISO core profile WCS Registry Climatological and Environmental Data Processing on Distributed OpenModeller Compute Servers In-situ Biodiversity Records GBIF Registry GI-cat/GI-go DiscoveryDownload

5. Run ENM using the OpenModeller Framework Run the Open Modeller Web services using the SOAP interface Upload of both Climate Change and Biodiversity layers –Discovered through GI-cat Create and run models Get model output maps

6. Put together a demonstrator user interface Demo AJAX Graphical User Interface running on your Web Browser

Information View Geospatial/GBIF interoperability Data model Mediation –GBIF to ISO concepts –GBIF to ISO Core metadata elements Functional Adaptation –Resource discovery –Resource querying –Resource access Preview Download

Mapping of GBIF concepts to ISO hierarchical data model Data provider GBIF data model concepts ISO data model concepts GBIF new portalCatalog Dataset collection Data resourceDataset Taxonomy element Metadata

Computational View

Computational View

Engineering View

Demo Movie

Live Demo AJAX GUI URL:

Thank you! Questions?

Back-up Slides

Discovery Functionality Mapping GI-cat Discovery Functionality getContent(portal)‏ getContent(provider)‏ getContent(resource)‏ getContent(taxon)‏ GBIF taxon service/list & get action – for each provider p of interest: taxon/list?dataproviderkey=p.key &rank=kingdom (Also provides information on data resources)‏ taxon/get/taxon.key

Phase 2 – Cross-System Interoperability Scenarios Develop scenarios that require the exchange of data and information between GBIF and other disparate systems –Address needs identified in one or more of the Societal Benefit Areas. –Ensure relevancy Create interoperability arrangements between GBIF and other systems –Analyze the entries in the GEOSS Service Register for the systems to be made interoperable. Where the registered standards are insufficient to support interoperability, work with technical experts to identify solutions –When a solution is identified it will be circulated for approval and, upon acceptance, this arrangement will be entered into the Interoperability Register

Phase 3 – Demonstrations Share Phase 2 results first with the Architecture and Data Committee and then with all GEO Members and Contributing Organizations –Present a briefing on the process –Give a live demonstration of those infrastructure components that have been implemented at that time The Interoperability Register and Registry Data and information exchange via the defined arrangements Two kinds of demonstrations –technical demo; –social benefit demo for policy makers and Senior Managers, to illustrate interoperability process and its benefits

Ortalis poliocephala in Mexico before (green) vs. after (red)‏ Biodiversity & Climate Change & Land Use scenario Town Peterson & al The species will be pushed to marginal areas

Search by classification: Example Based on the GBIF data portal classification

Summary: Open Modeler Activity Diagram Apply GARP, BioClim and other models Ecological Niches Distributional Shifts Categorical Climate Maps Region Shift Distributional Shifts in Ecological Niches

Lesson learned and Future work Component Services –Documentation must be improved –More testing is needed –Improve flexibility and configurability Interoperability –Need for special interoperability arrangement among communities –Improve interface and protocol standardization –Improve dataset encoding standardization –Stress SOA driven approaches

Example: data-provider metadata mapping metadata:identificationInfo metadata:distributioninfo

Example: taxon metadata mapping metadata:identificationInfo

Functional Mapping GI-cat Discovery Function GBIF taxon service GI-cat Query Function Query criteria Area Time Free text Hierarchy GBIF occurrence service List parameters minlatitude, maxlatitude, minlongitude, maxlongitude startdate, enddate scientificname dataproviderkey, dataresourcekey (Where, When, What, Who)‏

Functional Mapping GI-cat Access Function Download Preview GBIF occurrence service Stripping of occurrence overview (from GBIF portal)‏  Example:  bounding box over canada  scientific name is “amblyscirtes vialis”  Resource is University of Alberta Museums

Text search GI-cat text search – Free text search search engine-like syntax GBIF supports two types of text search: free text search on scientific name only OR operation is supported results are exact matches or initial exact matches Controlled dictionary search on taxonomy search includes synonims and subconcepts Search by classification (introduced)‏

Computational View

Three Possible Climate Change scenarios Source: NCAR/GIS

Different behaviours

Engineering View