Idasa – Governance and AIDS Programme Human Rights and Democratisation Jacqueline Nzisabira

Understanding AIDS-Induced Exclusion and its potential impact on Leadership

Presentation outline  Introduction Background Rationale  Unpacking the concepts  Current Objectives  Future objectives  Conclusion

Introduction  Background Relevance of human right in the mission and vision of Idasa and GAP Evidence of exclusion from participation in previous research

Introduction  Rationale Conditions for a healthy democracy Data linking Human Rights, Democratisation and HIV & AIDS is scarce. Stigma and discrimination do prevent people from overall participation

Exploring the Concepts  Stigma and discrimination  Exclusion  Resilience

Exploring the Concepts Exclusion Stigma Violation or observation of Human rights Discrimination

Current Objectives  Current research objectives Current research proposal  Advocacy and policy implications

EVIDENCE FROM CONSTITUTIONAL/POLICY/LEGAL FRAMWEWORK POLITICAL PARTICIPATION/EXCLUSION SOCIO/ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION/EXCLUSION HIV and AIDS VULNERABILITY/RESILIENCE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION/EXCLUSION SOCIO/ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION/EXCLUSION 2 nd level of analysis 1 st level of analysis EVIDENCE FROM THE PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Linking Governance, HIV and AIDS and Exclusion/participation: a framework

OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH  The major objective of this project is to gather empirical evidence on HIV and AIDS - induced exclusion for the aim of promoting participation of PLHIV. This will mean the following thematic areas: 1.Policy and legislation Explore the extent to which stigma and discrimination related to HIV and AIDS has contributed to exclusion. Describing the impact of the constitutional, policy and legal frameworks on Human Rights. Document Resilience avenues

2. HIV and AIDS related participation/exclusion In what ways are PLHIV excluded from political life? In what ways are HIV and AIDS infected and affected citizens are excluded from social- economic life? In what ways has the advent of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) influenced attitudes toward inclusion/exclusion of PLHIV? OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH

3. Mitigation measures/resilience avenues What measures are taken by the infected, affected, the state and non- stale actors in mitigating stigma and discriminations based on ones HIV status (resilience avenues). OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH

Beyond theory  Empirical cases (SA): ultimate right violation: G Dlamini story, Mpho’s story  Social rights violation: Nkosi’s story  Workplace exclusion stories  Exclusion from families and communities

INDICATORS OF EXCLUSION  POLITICAL INDICATORS Participation in electoral process Representation in political process Participation in political process.  ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF EXCLUSION Labour market; Ownership of the means of production; Property ownership; Insurance and other Financial Services; and Other goods e.g. food.

 Social Exclusion: Education Health Reproductive and family life Traditional land INDICATORS OF EXCLUSION

Research Partner Organizations COUNTRY PARTNER

CONCLUSION  Future Objectives Specific vulnerability related to children infected by HIV

BIBLIOGRAPHY  Boyte C, (2008), A concept paper for the Governance and AIDS Programme (GAP)  Chirambo, K (2008), The Political Cost of the HIV/AIDS, Pretoria: Idasa.  Chirambo, K. & Steyn, J. (2009), AIDS and Local Government in South Africa: Examining the Impact of an Epidemic on Ward Councillors. Pretoria: Idasa.  IDASA-GAP, (2008), “Governance, AIDS and Human Development: Building AIDS Resilient Democratic Societies in Sub-Saharan Africa,”  Justino, P. and Litchfield, J. (2002), Economic Exclusion and Discrimination.Paper Prepared for the Minority Rights Group International. Brighton: University of Sussex.  Mattes, R, (2003), Healthy democracies? The potential impact of AIDS on democracy in Southern Africa. Institute for Security Studies paper 71, Page 2.

 Ngqalaza, B. (2000a, 9 May), Lawyers criticise SAA hiring, Business Day.  Ngqalaza, B. (2000b, 8 May), Soldiers fear virus more than bullets, Business Day.  Nicodemus (1999)Nicodemus, A. (1999, May 7). Africa stigmatises HIV positive. Mail and Guardian, Available at  Ogden, J. and L. Nyblade, (2005), Common at Its Core: HIV Related Stgma Across Contexts, International Centre for Research on Women.  Sen, A. (2000), Social exclusion: concept, application and scrutiny, Asian Development Bank Social Development Papers no. 1.  Silver, H. (1994) Social Exclusion and social solidarity: three paradigms in Rodgers,G., BIBLIOGRAPHY ctd