5.1 M ATTER AND A TOMS

M ATTER AND A TOMS What is matter? Anything w/mass and volume. Volume is the space that an object takes up. Mass: is the material an object is made of. (essentially everything) Composed of elements

M ATTER AND A TOMS What is an element? Substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance. ex. Gold is only gold atoms or silver is only silver atoms…

Groups/Families are arranged vertically Periods are arranged horizontally

S TRUCTURE OF THE A TOM The atom are composed into three sections: Nucleus (center of the atom) – made up of protons (positive charge)and neutrons (no charge) Electrons (in the outer shells)- have a negative charge.

C LASSIFYING A TOMS

S TRUCTURE OF THE A TOM Atomic Number – The number of protons in an atom. Equal to the number of e-. The atomic mass – the avg. of an elements isotopes. Isotopes – When an element has a different # of neutrons than another atom of the same element. Mass Number – The sum of the protons and neutrons

B ONDING OF A TOMS Compounds – Substance made of multiple atoms. Ex. NaCl (Salt)

B ONDING OF A TOMS Covalent Bonds – Compounds that form when electrons are shared b/t atoms

B ONDING OF A TOMS Ionic Bonds – Bonds where electrons are lost or gained to another atom. Usually b/t metal and nonmetal.

C OMPOUNDS AND M IXTURES Compounds don’t have the same properties as their base components. Ex. Na and Cl are poisonous, but together they form table salt.

+ = Chlorine Sodium Salt

C OMPOUNDS AND M IXTURES Mixtures are not the same as a compound. Mixtures can be separated by physical means.