1 "I am but mad north-north- west: when the wind is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw." Hamlet, Act II, scene ii

Knowing a Hawk from a Handsaw: FRBR Basics, AACR & the OPAC A presentation by Kate Harcourt Columbia University Libraries NYTSL Spring Dinner Meeting May 7, 2004

3 Required Reading Published by K.G. Saur in 1998 and available online IFLA Cataloguing Section’s Working Group on FRBR

4 FRBR IN PERSPECTIVE zParis Principles in 1961 zISBDs in 1969 zAACR in 1967 and 1978 zFRBR zETC.

5 FRBR BEGINNINGS zThe 1990 Stockholm Seminar commissioned a study to define the functional requirements of bibliographic records. zWorked on by IFLA Study Group on Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, zApproved by IFLA Section on Cataloging, 1997 & published by Saur in 1998 zIncorporated into JSC Strategic Plan for AACR 2001/2002

6 FRBR GOALS 1.“to delineate in clearly defined terms the functions performed by the bibliographic record with respect to various media, various applications and various user needs.” 2.“to recommend a basic level of functionality and basic requirements for records created by national bibliographic agencies” that would meet “essential user needs.” 3.FRBR is not a new cataloging code. AACR3

7 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODEL Source: The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (09 FEB 02) entity-relationship model An approach to data modelling proposed by P. Chen in The model says that you divide your database in two logical parts, entities (e.g. "customer", "product") and relations ("buys", "pays for"). Entity-relationship diagrams can be used to represent a model.data modelling

8 ORGANIZATION OF THE FRBR REPORT zPart 1 – Definition of Entities and their Attributes zPart 2 – Bibliographic Relationships zPart 3 – A national level bibliographic record for all types of materials zPart 4 – User Tasks (e.g., Find, Identify, Select & Obtain)

9 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODEL zEntities zRelationships zAttributes Shakespeare Dates Hamlet English Relationship author Entity 1Entity 2

10 FRBR ENTITIES zGroup 1: The products of intellectual or artistic endeavor:  Work  Expression  Manifestation  Item zGroup 2: Those responsible for production or custodianship of group 1 entities:  Person  Corporate Body zGroup 3: Subjects of works:  Concept  Object  Event  Place

AN ACKNOWLEDGMENT The next few slides were published in Barbara B. Tillett, “Bibliographic Relationships.” In Relationships in the Organization of Knowledge, edited by Carol A. Bean and Rebecca Green, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

12 Work Expression Manifestation Item is realized through is embodied in is exemplified by Group 1 recursive one many FRBR

# Work Expression Manifestation Item Group 2 many Person Corporate Body is owned by is produced by is realized by is created by FRBR

14 Work Group 3 many has as subject Expression Manifestation Item Person Corporate Body Work Concept Object Event Place has as subject FRBR

15 FRBR Entity Levels Work: Expression: Manifestation: The Play Orig. Text Transl. Critical Edition The Movie Orig. Version PaperPDFHTML Item: Copy 1 Autographed Copy 2 Family of works

16 “FRBERIZING” AACR2 zA new interest in cataloging zRule revision zAACR3

17 “FRBERIZING” A RULE z1.5A3 If an item is available in different formats (e.g., as text and microfilm; as sound disc and sound tape reel), give the physical description of the format in hand. z1.5A3 If manifestations of a work are available in different formats…

18 “FRBERIZING” RELATIONSHIPS zCollocation zWhen is a work or an expression a new work or expression? zRelators zAuthority Control in AACR3

Same Expression New Expression Work New Work B. Tillett Dec. 2001

20 GMDS & MODES OF EXPRESSION z Alpha-numeric z Music notation z Other notation (e.g., choreographic) z Sound z Still image or Moving Image z Three-dimensional object z Combinations of above

21 UNIFORM TITLES, OR THE TRAGEDY OF HAMLET z Collocation z Differentiation

22 FRBR & THE OPAC z OCLC Fiction Finder z RLG RedLightGreen z VTLS Virtua

23 OCLC FICTION FINDER z Prototype system for searching and browsing fiction z Clustered at the work level z Organized by work and expression

24 Fiction Finder result set display

25 Fiction Finder record display

RedLightGreen and FRBR  NOT a FRBR implementation – Realities of the Rock and the Hard Place  FRBR Group 1 Entities invaluable during planning – Work, Expression, Manifestation, Item – Common language – Precisely defined concepts  FRBR and RedLightGreen in a nutshell – Mission: Make the Union Catalog relevant to undergraduates – Reduce the number of editions on the results screen – Use FRBR concepts such as Work, Expression and Manifestation to discuss how records should cluster –

RedLG: Title Cluster

RedLG: Editions  ~ FRBR Manifestation – “With the entity defined as manifestations we can describe the physical characteristics of a set of items […] enabling users to choose a manifestation appropriate to their […] needs” (FRBR 22)

Get it [at your library] example

30 VIRTUA BY VTLS zSeparate records for work, expression, manifestation & item in a tree structure z"peaceful co-existence" of a FRBR and non-FRBR records zUniversite catholique de Louvain (UCL) went live in Jan

A Super (or Supra) Work is a record that has other works (sub works) related to it  For example, the novel Beau Geste by P. C. Wren is one FRBR Work, and the several movies that have been created from the book are also separate FRBR Works. The Super work is an artificial creation that links all these related works together Super Work

The Work record for the “ Super ” Work of Beau Geste

Super Work The tree expanded to show the “ sub works ” of the Super Work The Work record for the novel (a sub work of the Super Work)

Super Work The tree expanded to show the Expression and Manifestations of the 1939 movie The Expression record for the 1939 movie

39 MORE FRBR zPre-conference at ALA Annual 2004 in Orlando. zBack to the Future: Understanding the Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records Model (FRBR) and its Impact on Users, OPACS, and Knowledge Organization zSponsored by VTLS & Blackwell's Book Services zThursday and Friday, June 24-25, 2004