PHY Astronomy Lecture – Agenstein 109 Tuesday & Thursday 12:30 – 1:50 PM Lab – Agenstein 120 Tuesday 2:00 PM Thursday 2:00 PM Friday 2:00 PM Due to the limited number of Computers in the Lab, you must attend at your scheduled lab.

Dr. Michael B. Ottinger Office: Agenstein 101-J Office: Agenstein 101-J Phone: Phone: Web: staff.missouriwestern.edu/~ottinger Web: staff.missouriwestern.edu/~ottinger Office Hours: Office Hours: Monday 9:00 – 9:50 AM Tuesday 8:30 – 9:20 AM Tuesday 8:30 – 9:20 AM Thursday 8:30 – 9:20 AM Thursday 8:30 – 9:20 AM Friday 9:00 – 9:50 & 11:00 – 11:50 AM Friday 9:00 – 9:50 & 11:00 – 11:50 AM and by appointment

Text: Universe 8e by Roger Freedman

Course Description Introducing Astronomy Exam: February 7 Introducing Astronomy Exam: February 7 Planets and Moons Planets and Moons Exam: March 20 Stars and Stellar Evolution Stars and Stellar Evolution Final Exam: May 1 (11:30 – 1:20) All exams are closed book / closed note.

Attendance Policy You are expected to be in class every day, or be responsible for the information given. You are expected to be in class every day, or be responsible for the information given. Arriving late counts as ½ absence Arriving late counts as ½ absence Leaving early counts as ½ absence Leaving early counts as ½ absence After 5 unexcused absences (including lab) you will be dropped from the course After 5 unexcused absences (including lab) you will be dropped from the course Excused absences for approved school related business – with prior notification Excused absences for approved school related business – with prior notification

Daily Reading Quizzes We will cover one chapter of the text each class period. We will cover one chapter of the text each class period. At 12:30 I will hand out a short reading quiz to verify you have read the chapter. At 12:30 I will hand out a short reading quiz to verify you have read the chapter. Quiz taken from “Review Questions” at the end of the chapter Quiz taken from “Review Questions” at the end of the chapter Quizzes will be collected at 12:35 pm. Quizzes will be collected at 12:35 pm. Missing the quiz counts as a tardy (1/2 absence) Missing the quiz counts as a tardy (1/2 absence)

End of Class Summaries At the end of class I hand out a summary sheet. At the end of class I hand out a summary sheet. In a few sentences summarize the main topics of the lecture. In a few sentences summarize the main topics of the lecture. Include any concepts/questions you would like me to cover at the beginning of the next class. Include any concepts/questions you would like me to cover at the beginning of the next class. Not submitting a summary counts as leaving class early (1/2 absence) Not submitting a summary counts as leaving class early (1/2 absence)

Lab Labs meet weekly in Agenstein 120 Labs meet weekly in Agenstein 120 next week no class/lab on Tuesday, other labs will meet next week no class/lab on Tuesday, other labs will meet Week before spring break Thursday/Friday labs will not meet Week before spring break Thursday/Friday labs will not meet Lab reports to be completed individually during the lab period. Lab reports to be completed individually during the lab period. Each report worth 10 points. Each report worth 10 points.

Grades Quizzes: 20% Labs: 30% Exams: 50% A = % B= % C= % D= % F = <60%

Let’s Get Started Reading Assignment: Reading Assignment: Before Thursday Jan 17: Read Chapter 1 Read Chapter 1 Before Thursday Jan 24: Read Chapter 2 & 3 Read Chapter 2 & 3

When you look at the sky, what do you see? Clouds Clouds Moon Moon Sun Sun Stars Stars Comets Comets Shooting Stars Shooting Stars Planets (moving stars) Planets (moving stars)

How can we understand the Heavens? Observations: What do you see? How do objects move? What Similarities or Differences exist? Observations: What do you see? How do objects move? What Similarities or Differences exist? Theory: Make a guess as to what you are observing that can predict future observations Theory: Make a guess as to what you are observing that can predict future observations Improved observations: Check theory Improved observations: Check theory Observation: Sun rises in east and sets in the west every day and then rises in the east again. Observation: Sun rises in east and sets in the west every day and then rises in the east again. Theory: Sun is a glowing ball of fire that rides on the back of the chariot of a God- taking off every morning and landing every night. Theory: Sun is a glowing ball of fire that rides on the back of the chariot of a God- taking off every morning and landing every night. Sun sets later at points to the west. No matter how far west you travel, sun always sets further west. Sun sets later at points to the west. No matter how far west you travel, sun always sets further west. “Scientific Method” “Scientific Method”

Measurements Angular Measurement: Angular Measurement: Objects appear to move in circular paths around the earth Objects appear to move in circular paths around the earth Stars orbit the North Star Stars orbit the North Star 360  per revolution 360  per revolution

Angular vs Linear Size Which is larger the Sun or the Moon? Same Angular Size (as seen from Earth) Sun has a diameter 400 times larger than the moon.

Comparison Angular to Linear Size

Calculating Angular Size Moon: Diameter = 3480 km Distance = 385,000 km Distance = 385,000 km Sun: Diameter = 1,400,000 km Distance = 150,000,000 km Distance = 150,000,000 km

Scientific Notation Distance to Sun: Distance to Sun: 150,000,000 km 150,000,000 km Distance to Center of Galaxy: Distance to Center of Galaxy: 100,000,000,000,000,000 km 100,000,000,000,000,000 km Power of 10 Notation Power of 10 Notation Sun: 1.5x10 8 km Sun: 1.5x10 8 km Center of Galaxy: 1.0x10 17 km Center of Galaxy: 1.0x10 17 km

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Summary Summarize the main topics of today’s class Summarize the main topics of today’s class Include any questions you would like answered at the beginning of class tomorrow. What did you not understand? Include any questions you would like answered at the beginning of class tomorrow. What did you not understand?