Actor Centrality Correlates to Project based Coordination Liaquat Hossain, Ph.D. Knowledge Management Research Lab

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 2 Agenda Introduction to Social Networks Visualising & Interpreting Social Networks Social Network Data Collection & Analysis Enron Communication Corpus –Visualisation of Enron Communication Network Research Framework Methods Results

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 3 Introduction to Social Networks

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 4 Social Network Analysis Social Network – A set of actors and relations that hold the actors together SNA – “The disciplined inquiry into the patterning of relations among social actors, as well as the patterning of relationships among actors at different levels of analysis (such as persons and groups)” (Breiger, 2004)

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 5 Growth of Social Networks Social Networks research has been growing exponentially over the past decades Source: Otte & Rousseau (2002)

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 6 Distribution of Social Network Research

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 7 At the Beginning of the Hype Curve Source: IBM (2005)

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 8 Visualising & Interpreting Social Networks

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 9 Collaboration Network Source: Otte & Rousseau (2002)

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 10 Sexual relations Colorado Spring data By Gender (Morris, Moody et al.) Male Female

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 11 Social Network Data Collection & Analysis

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 12 Whole or Sociocentric Approach Focus is on measuring structural patterns of interactions and how the patterns explain outcomes (eg. concentration of power or resources within groups) Actors are usually known or determined ie. network boundaries are a priori defined A roster of names is usually needed to formulate the adjancency matrix

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 13 An Adjacency Matrix Seeks advice from JohnKenSmithJackyCarlWinnieWillDarenFionaFetch John Ken Smith Jacky Carl Winnie Will Daren Fiona Fetch

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 14 Sociocentric Network Approach What if the population of interest is over 100 or 1,000? For –30 actors there would be 435 (undirected) or 870 (directed) interactions –100 actors there would be 4950 (undirected) or 9900 (directed) interactions Scrutinising through long lists of names and identifying multiplex ties with actors on the list causes fatigue and recall problems (Bernard et al, 1982)

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 15 Egocentric Network Approach (..cont) “Ego” is the actor we are interested in. “Alters” are the people referred to by the ego as having a tie with Coleman, Katz et al’s (1957) medical innovation diffusion study adopted egocentric approach from doctors –To whom did you turn to for advice and information? –With whom did you most often discuss cases in an ordinary week? –Who were the friends between your colleagues whom you saw often socially? Ego

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 16 Egocentric Network Approach (..cont) Socio-demographic attribute data: Sex, Marital Status, Education Occupational attribute data: Age, professional associations, social associations, journals read Relational data: Density, Centrality and Centralisation

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 17 Enron Communication Corpus

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 18 Introduction to Enron Dataset We used the Enron Dataset to study the correlation between centrality and coordinative ability. The Enron Dataset is: –A collection of over 250,000 s… –of about 150 employees… –from a real organisation… –over a period of 3.5 years

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 19 Enron Corpus versions Various instances of the corpus: –Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (619,449 s, 158 employees) –Stanford Research Institute then rectified data integrity problems –Cohen (CMU) made the dataset public (517,431 s, 151 addresses) –Corrada-Emmanuel (250,484 s, 149 users) –Shetty and Adibi (252,759 s, 151 users)

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 20 Visualisation of Enron Communication Network

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 21 Preliminary Results of Enron Communication Network ( )

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 22 Preliminary Results of Enron Communication Network (1999)

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 23 Preliminary Results of Enron Communication Network (2000)

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 24 Preliminary Results of Enron Communication Network (2001)

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 25 Preliminary Results of Enron Communication Network (2002)

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 26 Research Framework

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 27 Methodology summary –The methodology of the study involves four research phases: extraction and cataloguing of coordination key phrases calculation of coordination score bounded by project scope construction of social network matrices using the centrality measures hypothesis testing of the association between network centrality and coordination

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 28 Text Mining for Coordination

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 29 Key Phrase Extraction

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 30 Calculating Coordination Weights

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 31 Text Mining and Coordination Score A text-mining application was created to deploy the model to calculate coordination score from the Enron dataset.

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 32 Social Network Matrices and Centrality Measurement: –Degree –Closeness –Betweenness Directional Analysis: –In-Centrality –Out-Centrality UCINET 6 Output of Closeness

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 33 Project Based Coordination Results Coordination and centrality across three projects The coordination and centrality scores are ranked. 6 of the 8 cases ranked equally.

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 34 Organisational Position and Coordination Employee title and role, along with coordination and centrality scores.

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 35 Mapping average coordination against position in organisational hierarchy

Liaquat Hossain, Knowledge Management Research Lad, The University of Sydney, Australia 36 Results Summary