Socioeconomic Class Labov’s study of [ ɹ ] in NYC fourth floor CasualCareful Saks6364 Macy’s4461 S. Klein818.

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Presentation transcript:

Socioeconomic Class Labov’s study of [ ɹ ] in NYC fourth floor CasualCareful Saks6364 Macy’s4461 S. Klein818

Gender Japanese 1st person pronouns Female:watashi, atashi Male:boku, ore

Copula in Informal Speech Male:Kireidane ǃ prettyisEmph “Pretty, isn’t it!” Female:Kireine! prettyEmph “Pretty, isn’t it!”

Ethnicity African American English Syntactic and phonological characteristics: => Rule-governed

Double negation (cf Spanish) 1. He don’t know nothing. 2. He don’t like nobody. Zero copula (In contraction environments) 3. He __ late. 4. He __ a doctor. 5. He __ running.

Habitual be 1. This room be cold. 2. *This room be cold today. 3. He be late. 4. He don’t usually be there.

Unstressed been for present perfect 1. He been sick. 2. He been sick since last week. Stressed been to mark remote past 3. He BEEN ate it. (a long time ago) 4. She BEEN married. (for a long time)

Age ?

US a/usa.htmhttp://web.ku.edu/idea/northamerica/us a/usa.htm Massachusetts: [ ɹ ]-lessness assachusetts/massachusetts1.mp3http://web.ku.edu/idea/northamerica/usa/m assachusetts/massachusetts1.mp3

New York 3-way vowel distinction - Mary merrymarry [ej] [ ɛ ] [æ] a/newyork/newyork8.mp3http://web.ku.edu/idea/northamerica/us a/newyork/newyork8.mp3

Southern Shift

South Carolina Raising of [ ɛ ɪ ]‘kit’ Fronting of [u o]‘tune’ a/southcarolina/southcarolina1.mp3http://web.ku.edu/idea/northamerica/us a/southcarolina/southcarolina1.mp3

Northern Cities Shift

Detroit Raised [æ]‘path’ Fronted [ ɑ ]‘pot’ Lowered [ ɔ ]‘long’ a/michigan/michigan5.mp3http://web.ku.edu/idea/northamerica/us a/michigan/michigan5.mp3

Cleveland a/ohio/ohio1.mp3http://web.ku.edu/idea/northamerica/us a/ohio/ohio1.mp3 Washington /u/ pronounced as [ ɯ ] a/washington/washington.htmhttp://web.ku.edu/idea/northamerica/us a/washington/washington.htm

Minnesota a/minnesota/minnesota.htmhttp://web.ku.edu/idea/northamerica/us a/minnesota/minnesota.htm Iowa a/iowa/iowa1.mp3http://web.ku.edu/idea/northamerica/us a/iowa/iowa1.mp3