A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation Richard J. Anderson *, Ruth Anderson *†, Crystal Hoyer *, and Steven A. Wolfman *‡ * U. Washington, † U. Virginia, ‡ U. British Columbia Steve Wolfman presenting
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation2 Outline Background & Motivation Study Attentional Marks & Hand Gestures Ephemerality & Persistence Conclusions & Future Directions
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation3 Distance & Large Class Studies Presenter Ink Study Classroom Feedback System Retro/Prospective Feedback Patterns Student Interaction Systems [ITiCSE ’04] [SIGCSE ’02, ITiCSE ’02 & ’03] [SIGCSE ’04] [CSCL ’03] [CHI ’03] Research History
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation4 Expected Use of Ink
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation5 Common Use of Ink
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation6 Outline Background & Motivation Study Attentional Marks & Hand Gestures Ephemerality & Persistence Conclusions & Future Directions
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation7 Ink Study Interpretive analysis [Erickson] of 3 courses: –Distance courses ( , A / V and ink archives) –“Slideware-style” –Experienced instructors LecturesTimeTopic Prof A.46 hrsCompilers Prof B.820 hrsAI Prof C.1023 hrsDatabases
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation8 Prevalence of Attentional Marks Segmented strokes from six hours of lecture into coherent episodes and coded into four categories: % of strokes% of episodes BCB+CBC Attentional Diagram Writing Other121222
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation9 Outline Background & Motivation Study Attentional Marks & Hand Gestures Ephemerality & Persistence Conclusions & Future Directions
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation10 Understanding Attentional Marks Properties: –brief, simple markings –occur with speech –augment meaning of speech –ad hoc form Is there a linguistic context in which to understand these marks?
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation11 Spontaneous Hand Gestures Spontaneous Hand gestures [McNeill]: –are synchronous w/speech –are co-expressive w/speech –lack standard of form Attentional marks share these properties.
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation12 Gesture Types: Iconic
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation13 Gesture Types: Deictic & Cohesive
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation14 Outline Background & Motivation Study Attentional Marks & Hand Gestures Ephemerality & Persistence Conclusions & Future Directions
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation15 Persistent Representation vs. Ephemeral Meaning
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation16 Persistent Representation vs. Ephemeral Meaning
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation17 Design Recommendations Separate strokes w/non-homogenous color Show co-occurrence/ordering w/age cues Show process w/incremental rendering
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation18 “Whiteboard” Effect [Prince]
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation19 Candy-Striping [Prince]
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation20 Conclusions Identified important ink use pattern: Attentional Marks Established gestural framework for understanding/analyzing Attentional Marks Demonstrated tension between ephemeral meaning and persistent representation Generated design recommendations to resolve tension Characterized instructors’ parsimonious use of UI features
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation21 Future Directions Alternate ink renderings Augmented transcripts –Keyframing –Deixis resolution for blind students Improved recognition –Auto-captioning –Link time/speech to slide locations Further analysis
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation22 URLs for More Info UW CS&E Education & Ed. Tech. Group: Classroom Presenter:
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation23 EXTRA SLIDES: NEW SURPRISING USE
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation24 Surprising Use of Attentional Marks (1 of 3)
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation25 Surprising Use of Attentional Marks (2 of 3)
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation26 Surprising Use of Attentional Marks (3 of 3)
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation27 EXTRA SLIDES: MOTIVATING PROBLEMS
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation28
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation29 “Sticky” Colors
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation30 “Feature Recovery” Problem
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation31 EXTRA SLIDES: GESTURE TYPES
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation32 Gesture Types: Metaphoric
t Steve Wolfman A Study of Digital Ink in Lecture Presentation33 Gesture Types: Beats