Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Productivity Applications  Slide 1

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Objectives Describe how word processing and desktop publishing software have revolutionized writing and publishing Discuss the potential impact of desktop publishing and Web publishing on the concept of freedom of the press Speculate about future developments in word processing and digital publishing  Slide 2 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Objectives (continued) Describe the basic functions and applications of spreadsheets and other types of statistical and simulation programs Explain how computers can be used to answer what-if questions Explain how computers are used as tools for simulating mechanical, biological, and social systems  Slide 3 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Doug Engelbart Explores Hyperspace Doug Engelbart  One of the pioneers of the computer hardware and software  In 1968, he demonstrated his Augment system:  Mouse  Video display editing  Mixed text and graphics, windowing  Outlining  Shared-screen video conferencing  Computer conferencing  Groupware  Hypermedia  Slide 4 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Wordsmith’s Toolbox Word processing tools and techniques  Entering text  Editing text  Formatting the document  Proofreading the document  Saving the document  Printing the document WYSIWYG  What You See Is What You Get  Slide 5 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Wordsmith’s Toolbox Word processing tools and techniques (cont.)  Entering text  Text is displayed on the screen and stored in the computer’s RAM.  Save your work periodically because RAM is not permanent memory.  Editing text  Navigate to different parts of a document.  Insert or delete text at any point.  Move and copy text.  Search and replace words or phrases.  Slide 6 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Wordsmith’s Toolbox Font Technology  Formatting characters  Characters are measured by point size (one point = 1/72 inch).  A font is a size and style of typeface.  Serif fonts have serifs or fine lines at the ends of each character.  You can use mono-spaced fonts and proportionally spaced fonts.  Slide 7 A 20 pts A 40 pts 80 pts 120 pts A A A 200 pts Bradley Hand ITC Arial Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Wordsmith’s Toolbox Word processing tools and techniques (cont.)  Margin settings  Line spacing  Indents  Tabs  Justification  Left  Right  Justify  Center  Slide 8 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Wordsmith’s Toolbox Word processing tools and techniques (cont.)  Advanced formatting features  Stylesheets  Headers and footers  Multiple variable-width columns  Multicolumn tables  Graphics  Automatic editing features  Hidden comments  Table of contents and indexes  Coaching and help features (sometimes called wizards)  Conversion to HTML for Web publishing  Record and reuse macros  Slide 9 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Wordsmith’s Toolbox Outliners and idea processors  Arranging information into levels  Rearranging ideas and levels  Hiding and revealing levels of detail as needed  Slide 10 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Wordsmith’s Toolbox Digital references  Dictionaries, quotation books, encyclopedias, atlases, almanacs, and other references are now available in digital form.  The biggest advantage of the electronic form is speed.  The biggest drawback is that quick and easy copying might tempt writers to plagiarize.  Slide 11 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Wordsmith’s Toolbox Digital references (cont.)  Synonym finders  A computerized thesaurus can provide instantaneous feedback for synonyms.  Slide 12 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Wordsmith’s Toolbox Spelling checkers  Compare words in your document with words in a disk-based dictionary  Words might be flagged, but you make the decision to ignore or change the spelling.  Slide 13 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow's Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Wordsmith’s Toolbox Grammar and style checkers  Analyze each word in context, checking for errors of content  Check spelling  Point out possible errors and suggest improvements  Analyze prose complexity using measurements such as sentence length and paragraph length  Slide 14 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Wordsmith’s Toolbox Form letter generators  Mail merge capabilities produce personalized form letters.  Create a database with names  Create a form letter  Merge the database with the form letter to create a personalized letter  You can incorporate custom paragraphs based on the recipient’s personal data.  Each letter looks as if it were individually written  Slide 15 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Wordsmith’s Toolbox Collaborative writing tools  Groupware: software designed to be used by a workgroup  Provides for collaborative writing and editing  Tracks changes and identifies them by the originator’s name  Compares document versions and highlights differences in documents  Slide 16 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Emerging Word Tools Processing handwritten words  Diversity in handwriting makes it difficult Processing words with speech  Speech recognition software Intelligent word processing software  Word processors that are able to anticipate the writer’s needs  Slide 17 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Desktop Publishing Story Rules of thumb: creating professional-looking documents  Use the Return or Enter key only when you must  Wordwrap moves text to the next line  Use tabs and margin guides, not the Spacebar, to align columns  WYSIWYG is a matter of degree  Text that looks perfectly aligned on-screen may not line up on paper.  Slide 18 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Desktop Publishing Story Rules of thumb: Creating Professional-Looking Documents (cont.)  Don’t underline  Use italics and boldface for emphasis; italicize book and journal titles  Use only one space after a period  Proportionally spaced fonts look better without double spaces.  Take advantage of special characters  Bullets (), em dashes (—), and curly or smart quotes (“ ”) make your work look more professional.  Slide 19 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Desktop Publishing Story What is desktop publishing?  The process of producing a book, magazine, or other publication includes several steps:  Writing text  Editing text  Slide 20 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Desktop Publishing Story What is desktop publishing? (cont.)  Producing drawings, photographs, and other graphics to accompany the text  Designing a basic format for the publication  Typesetting text  Arranging text and graphics on pages  Typesetting and printing pages  Binding pages into a finished publication  Slide 21 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Desktop Publishing Story What is desktop publishing? (cont.)  With modern DTP (desktop publishing technology), the production process can be accomplished with sophisticated tools that are affordable and easy to use.  A desktop publishing system generally includes:  One or more Macs or PCs  A scanner and/or digital camera Transforms photographs and hand-drawn images into computer-readable documents  A high-resolution printer  Software (see next slide)  Slide 22 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Desktop Publishing Story What is desktop publishing? (cont.)  Desktop publishing software:  Image-editing software  Page-layout software combines the various source documents into a coherent, visually appealing publication QuarkXpress Publisher PageMaker InDesign  Slide 23 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Desktop Publishing Story Why desktop publishing?  Saves money  Saves time  Can reduce the number of publication errors  Offers new hope for every individual’s right to publish  Slide 24 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Beyond the Printed Page Paperless publishing and the Web  A common prediction is that desktop publishing—and paper publishing in general—will be replaced by paperless electronic media. Electronic books and digital paper  The electronic book, or ebook, is a handheld device that can contain anything from today’s top news stories to lengthy novels.  Digital paper, or epaper, is a flexible, portable, paper-like material that can dynamically display black-and-white text and images on its surface.  Slide 25 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation The malleable matrix  The spreadsheet consists of:  Cells (the intersection of a row and column)  Addresses (column letter and row number, e.g., A1, C12)  Slide 26 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation The malleable matrix (cont.)  Spreadsheets can contain:  Values, such as numbers and dates  Labels, such as column and report headings, that explain what the values mean  Slide 27 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation Screen Test: Creating a Worksheet with Microsoft Excel  Formulas can be used to calculate  Spreadsheets offer many automatic features such as replication of data  Create charts from the data in your spreadsheet  Slide 28 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation Spreadsheet’s Automatic Features  Slide 29 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Making a chart from a spreadsheet

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation The malleable matrix (cont.)  Formulas can be:  Relative, so they refer to different cells when they are copied  Absolute, so the formula references never change when they are copied  Slide 30 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation The malleable matrix (cont.)  Lists can be created for organizing basic information  Automatic replication of values, labels, and formulas  Similar to copy and paste function of word processors  Slide 31 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation The malleable matrix (cont.)  Functions (e.g., SUM, AVG, SQRT) automate complex calculations.  Macros store keystrokes and commands so they can be played back automatically.  Templates offer ready-to-use worksheets with labels and formulas already entered.  Slide 32 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation  Slide 33 The malleable matrix (cont.)  Linking spreadsheets together  When the values change in one spreadsheet, the data is automatically updated in all linked spreadsheets.  Database capabilities  Search for information  Sort the data by a specific criteria  Merge the data with a word processor  Generate reports Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation Rules of thumb: avoiding spreadsheet pitfalls  Plan the worksheet before you start entering values and formulas  Make your assumptions as accurate as possible  Double-check every formula and value  Slide 34 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation Rules of Thumb (cont.)  Make formulas readable  Check your output against other systems  Build in cross-checks  Change the input data values and study the results  Take advantage of preprogrammed functions, templates, and macros  Use a spreadsheet as a decision-making aid, not as a decision maker  Slide 35 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation “What If?” questions  Spreadsheets allow you to change numbers and instantly see the effects of those changes.  “What if I enter this value?”  “What if I don’t complete the third lab? Can I still get an A?”  Equation solvers  Some spreadsheets generate data needed to fit a given equation and target value.  Slide 36 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation Spreadsheet graphics: from digits to drawings  Charts allow you to turn numbers into visual data.  Pie charts show proportions relative to the whole.  Line charts show trends or relationships over time.  Slide 37 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation Spreadsheet graphics: from digits to drawings (cont.)  Use bar charts if data falls into a few categories  Use scatter charts to discover, rather than to display, a relationship between two variables  Slide 38 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 The Spreadsheet: Software for Simulation and Speculation Rules of thumb: Ending spreadsheet errors  Choose the right chart for the job  What’s your message?  Pie charts, bar charts, line charts, and scatter charts are not interchangeable  Keep it simple, familiar, and understandable  Use charts in magazines, books, and newspapers as models  Strive to reveal the truth, not hide it  Relate to the rest of the document  Slide 39 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets Money managers  Accounting and Financial Management software allows you to electronically handle routine transactions such as:  Writing checks  Balancing accounts  Creating budgets  Using online banking services  Preparing taxes  Slide 40 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets Automatic mathematics  Mathematics processing software  Software turns abstract mathematical relationships into visual objects  Generally, they include an interactive, wizard-like question-and-answer mode, a programming language, and tools for creating interactive documents that combine text, numerical expressions, and graphics.  Slide 41 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets Statistics and data analysis  Statistical and data analysis software  Collects and analyzes data that tests the strength of data relationships  Can produce graphs showing how two or more variables relate to each other  Can often uncover trends by browsing through two- and three-dimensional graphs of data, looking for unusual patterns in the dots and lines that appear on the screen  Slide 42 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Statistical Software: Beyond Spreadsheets Scientific visualization  Scientific visualization software uses shape, location in space, color, brightness, and motion to help us visualize data.  Visualization helps researchers see relationships that might have been obscure or even impossible to grasp without computer-aided visualization tools.  Slide 43 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation  Slide 44 Computer modeling uses computers to create abstract models of objects, organisms, organizations, and processes. Examples of popular computer models:  Games (chess boards, sports arenas, and mythological societies)  Models of organisms, objects, and organizations  Flight simulators and simulations of science lab activities  Business, city, or nation management simulations Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation  Slide 45 Computer simulations: the rewards  Computer simulations are widely used.  There are many reasons:  Safety  Economy  Projection  Visualization  Replication Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation  Slide 46 Computer simulations: the risk  GIGO revisited  The accuracy of a simulation depends on how closely its mathematical model corresponds to the system being simulated.  Some models suffer from faulty assumptions.  Some models contain hidden assumptions that may not even be obvious to their creators.  Some models go astray simply because of clerical or human errors.  Still, garbage in, garbage out is a basic rule of simulation. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation  Slide 47 Computer simulations: the risk (cont.)  Making reality fit the machine  Some simulations are so complex that researchers need to simplify models and streamline calculations to get them to run on the best hardware available  Sometimes this simplification of reality is deliberate; more often it’s unconscious  Either way, information can be lost, and the loss may compromise the integrity of the simulation and call the results into question Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation  Slide 48 Computer simulations: the risk (cont.)  The illusion of infallibility  A computer simulation, whether generated by a PC spreadsheet or churned out by a supercomputer, can be an invaluable decision-making aid  The risk is that the people who make decisions with computers will turn over too much of their decision-making power to the computer  Risks can be magnified because people take computers seriously “ Trust your feelings.” Jedi Master in Star Wars Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation  Slide 49 Inventing the future: truly intelligent agents  Future user interfaces will be based on agents rather than on tools  Agents are software programs designed to be managed rather than manipulated  An intelligent software agent can:  Ask questions as well as respond to commands  Pay attention to its user’s work patterns  Serve as a guide and a coach  Take on its owner’s goals  Use reasoning to fabricate goals of its own Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation  Slide 50 Inventing the future: truly intelligent agents (cont.)  Tomorrow’s agents will be better able to compete with human assistants  Future agents may possess a degree of sensitivity  A well-trained software agent in the future might accomplish these tasks:  Remind you that it’s time to get the tires rotated on your car and make an appointment for the rotation  Distribute notes to the other members of your study group or work group and tell you which members opened those notes Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Calculated Risks: Computer Modeling and Simulation  Slide 51 Inventing the future: truly intelligent agents (cont.)  Keep you posted on new articles on subjects that interest you and know enough about those subjects to be selective without being rigid  Manage your appointments and keep track of your communications  Teach you new applications and answer reference questions  Defend your system and your home from viruses, intruders, and other security breaches  Help protect your privacy on and off the Net I don’t want to sit and move stuff around on my screen all day and look at figures and have it recognize my gestures and listen to my voice. I want to tell it what to do and then go away; I don’t want to babysit this computer. I want it to act for me, not with me. —Esther Dyson, computer industry analyst and publisher Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Lesson Summary Even though the computer was designed to work with numbers, it can be an important tool for working with words as well. Word processing software enables you to use commands to edit text on screen, without having to retype messages. Outlining software, spell checkers, and online references can be very helpful. Desktop publishing produces professional-quality text-and-graphics documents. Spreadsheets can be used for tracking, calculating, forecasting, and almost any other task that involves repetitive numeric calculations. Most spreadsheet programs have charting capabilities.  Slide 52 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Tomorrow’s Technology and You 9/e Chapter 5 Lesson Summary (cont.) Specialized software allows you to perform accounting tasks, tax preparation, and a variety of business functions without the aid of spreadsheets. Symbolic mathematic and statistical-analysis software can help present data in meaningful ways. Scientific visualization software can help us understand relationships that are invisible to the naked eye. Computer modeling and simulation can be powerful tools for understanding the world and making better decisions.  Slide 53 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall