BONHAM CONSULTING BRAZIL WORKING GROUP Arnold Bascombe Carol McCann Tony McGovern BRAZIL WORKING GROUP Arnold Bascombe Carol McCann Tony McGovern

BRAZIL’S CLIMATE CHANGE POSITIONS Burden Sharing – Common but differentiated responsibility – Based on emission levels. Willing to accept targets – only under common but differentiated responsibility Legally binding emission targets – only developed nations which bear greater responsibility for greenhouse emissions. Supports Carbon Trading – Initially opposed Supports Clean Development Mechanism Mitigation - prevention of deforestation, and boosting the use of bioenergy.

BRAZIL EXPORT COMPOSITION  Sugar exports over the period fell from 13.2% - 3.3% - Showing reduction in Sugar exports to duel ethanol production

Ethanol in Brazil (Sugar Cane) Compared to Ethanol in US (Corn) Characteristic Brazil U.S. Total arable land (1) Million hectares. (1) Only contiguous U.S. (excludes Alaska) Total area used for ethanol crop 3.6 (1%) 10 (3.7%) Million hectares (% total arable) Productivity per hectare7,5003,000Liters of ethanol per hectare. Brazil is 727 to 870 gal/acre (2006), US is 321 gal/acre (2005/06) Energy balance (input energy productivity) 8-9 times 1,3-1,6 times Ratio energy expended in production/energy obtained from ethanol Ethanol fueling stations in the counrty 33,000 (100%) 873 (0,5%) As % of total fueling gas stations in the country. U.S. has 170,000 (see Inslee, op cit pp. 161) Fuel ethanol used on transportation 40%3.6%As % of the country's total fuel consumption on a volumetric basis Cost of production (USD/gallon) /2007 for Brazil (22¢/liter), 2004 for U.S. (35¢/liter) Government subsidy (in USD) 00,51/b ushel U.S. as of Brazilian ethanol production is no longer subsidized.

BRAZIL: Leader in Agricultural Technology and Innovation

REPLACE FOSSIL FUELS MAKE OTHER COUNTRIES MORE EFFICIENT

REPLACE FOSSIL FUELS MAKE OTHER COUNTRIES MORE EFFICIENT