School of MACE Presentation to EdF 26 March 2008 Nuclear Decommissioning Engineering at The University of Manchester Professor Bernard Kelly FREng

SCALE AND CONTEXT In UK £54bn (Sellafield 70%) Global £300bn – consider reactors alone – 400 power reactors plus 700 research reactors (50% > 25 yrs old) Chem plant d/c involves alpha 100 years so KM crucial – 3 generations’ learning! Incomplete (“glorious failure”) and ageing tacit knowledge Skills applicable to “hazard reduction in a hostile environment” so oil, chemical opportunities BUT Distress purchase so cannot be delayed!

D&D Snapshot (& Alternatives, Issues and Challenges) Worldwide –115 power and research reactors shut down in D&D or entering D&D U.S. –24 decommissioned or undergoing D&D Funds –Est. cost for all reactors in the U.S. Fleet: $40.7 billion –$30.9 billion collected by end of 2004 DECON, SAFSTOR, ENTOMB Source: Dr. Jas Devgun, Sargent & Lundy LLC

Decommissioning Seven 1.Facility Design (Architectural and Structural) 2.System Design 3.Materials Design 4.Operational Design 5.Site factors 6.Decommissioning Techniques - Today and Tomorrow 7.Decommissioning Waste Source: Dr. Jas Devgun, Sargent & Lundy LLC

Decommissioning Seven System design Reduction in the system components More reliance on passive safety systems Use of contained systems (thus, minimizing the potential for cross contamination) Modular design of systems Designs to allow easier segmentation during decommissioning to reduce worker exposure Better designs of piping systems, HVAC systems, and sumps and drains Minimize potential traps for radioactive contaminants Decommissioning phase power requirements Source: Dr. Jas Devgun, Sargent & Lundy LLC

Advantages – Eventual Decommissioning Source: Information from Westinghouse and BNFL Source: Dr. Jas Devgun, Sargent & Lundy LLC

Prof. Kelly Lecturer 1 Lecturer 2 Lecturer 3 PDRA 1PDRA 2PDRA 3 PhD 1 PhD 2PhD 3 PhD 6 PhD 5 PhD 4 PhD 7 PhD 8 PhD 9 Modelling & Policy Civil Mechanical Organisation