海洋學導論 Course Overview 陳宏遠 海洋生物研究所
Introductory Oceanography Physical Oceanography Chemical Oceanography Biological Oceanography Marine Geology
Oceanography Oceanography: the scientific study of the ocean 100 yr old To predict weather & climate; to protect fisheries & other resources; to avoid disasters
Origins of Oceanography Seafaring; Seafarer Chinese Ocean Exploration –To demonstrate power & wealth –The largest ocean expedition –Made no last contribution to our knowledge of the ocean –Because little new information was compiles
Origins of Oceanography Columbus 19th century: deep ocean is stagnant; no oxygen; no life (azoic) HMS Challenger: ; Challenger Expedition Commission; 50 Vol.>> marks the beginnings as a science
Oceanography in Taiwan Unesco 1970 Kuroshio Current Expedition Taida established Institute of Oceanography R/V 九連 1985 & after R/V Ocean Researcher I Kuroshio Edge Exchange Processes, KEEP R/V Ocean Researcher II, III NTU, NSYSU, NTOU, NCU, TFRI
The Law of the Sea 1974 UNCLOS 1982 adopted; in effect 1994 Extend ocean margins to 12 nautical miles (22 km) Exclusive Economic Zone EEZ to 200 nautical miles: regulate fisheries & resources 1/3 of the ocean in EZZ
Important Journals: Science ; Nature Limnology and Oceanography Paleoceanography Journal Geophysical Research Deep-Sea research Marine Chemistry Marine Geology
Important Journals: Fisheries Oceanography Marine Ecology Progress Series Terrestrial, Atmospheric, and Oceanic Sciences
Recent interests Discovery of hydrothermal vent The link between global warming & ocean: the Carbon story Microbial loop Industrialized mariculture: Peter Drucker
The Carbon Story Global warming: carbon dioxide Ocean: an ideal carbon sink Some oceans are iron limiting: Southern Ocean Hypothesis: Fertilization with Fe increases carbon sink
fertilizing the oceans with iron
Sea change: a satellite image of a 200-km algal bloom (orange) caused by iron fertilization
Southern Ocean Iron Fertilization Experiment (SOFeX) Iron sulfate Solution on the sea surface 200 km phytoplankton bloom Carbon can be transported below 100 metres by iron fertilization Fe : C = 1 : 1000 Lab experiment predicted 1 : 100,000