Notable Women in Science Joel Carey - Paula Pellegrino - Owen Barrington - Kylee Wible

Caroline Herschel (Mar 16, Jan 9, 1848) -Born in Germany, then moved to England -Field of study: Mathematics and Astronomy -Developed Typhus when she was 10, which stopped her growth at 4’ 3” -First woman to discover a comet; then discovered 7 more before her death -Helped her brother, William Herschel, discover the planet Uranus -First woman to be invited membership into the Royal Astronomical Society -Awarded the Gold Medal of Science by the King of Prussia -Published much of her work with stars, comets, and nebulae -Born in Germany, then moved to England -Field of study: Mathematics and Astronomy -Developed Typhus when she was 10, which stopped her growth at 4’ 3” -First woman to discover a comet; then discovered 7 more before her death -Helped her brother, William Herschel, discover the planet Uranus -First woman to be invited membership into the Royal Astronomical Society -Awarded the Gold Medal of Science by the King of Prussia -Published much of her work with stars, comets, and nebulae

Augusta Ada Byron Lovelace (Dec 10, Nov 27, 1852) -Born in England -Field of study: Mathematics -Wrote a code in Bernoulli numbers that could be read by a machine invented by Sir Charles Babbage; the first concept of a computer -Created the idea of software and an operating system -Predicted, more than 100 years ago, the birth of the modern computer -In 1979, the United States military named a computer language they developed, “ADA”, in her memory -Born in England -Field of study: Mathematics -Wrote a code in Bernoulli numbers that could be read by a machine invented by Sir Charles Babbage; the first concept of a computer -Created the idea of software and an operating system -Predicted, more than 100 years ago, the birth of the modern computer -In 1979, the United States military named a computer language they developed, “ADA”, in her memory

Florence Nightingale ( ) “The Lady of the Lamp” -Born in Florence, Italy; Grand Duchy of Tuscany -Field of study: Medicine -Named after the city in which she was born -Celebrated for her work in military hospitals -Cared for the less fortunate -Known for pioneering modern nursing -Awarded the Order of Merit in Author of, Notes on Nursing - published in Born in Florence, Italy; Grand Duchy of Tuscany -Field of study: Medicine -Named after the city in which she was born -Celebrated for her work in military hospitals -Cared for the less fortunate -Known for pioneering modern nursing -Awarded the Order of Merit in Author of, Notes on Nursing - published in 1860

Marie Sklodowska Curie (Nov 7, Jul 4, 1934) -Born in Warsaw, Poland -Field of study: Mathematics and Physics -Married Pierre Curie, her professor in the School of Physics, Paris -Became Head of the Physics Laboratory at the Sorbonne -Gained her Doctor of Science Degree -Awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 for study on spontaneous radiation -Received 2nd Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 for work in radioactivity -First woman to hold position of Professor of General Physics in the Faculty of Sciences -Born in Warsaw, Poland -Field of study: Mathematics and Physics -Married Pierre Curie, her professor in the School of Physics, Paris -Became Head of the Physics Laboratory at the Sorbonne -Gained her Doctor of Science Degree -Awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 for study on spontaneous radiation -Received 2nd Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 for work in radioactivity -First woman to hold position of Professor of General Physics in the Faculty of Sciences

Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin ( ) “The Darwin of our age” -Born in England -Field of study: Chemistry and Biochemistry -Known for the discovery of protein crystallography -Found solutions of the structures cholesterol, lacto globulin, ferritin, tobacco mosaic virus, vitamin B-12, and most notably penicillin and insulin -First British woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in One of her many students was Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher -Born in England -Field of study: Chemistry and Biochemistry -Known for the discovery of protein crystallography -Found solutions of the structures cholesterol, lacto globulin, ferritin, tobacco mosaic virus, vitamin B-12, and most notably penicillin and insulin -First British woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in One of her many students was Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher

Rosalind Franklin ( ) “The dark lady of DNA” -Born in England -Field of study: Chemistry and Crystallography -Was not mentioned in the 1962 Nobel Prize awarded to scientists Watson and Crick for the discovery of the structure of DNA, even though it was her X-ray pictures and analysis that gave them the ability to discover the double helix -Died of ovarian cancer at the age of 37 -Was not given credit for her pivotal role in Watson and Crick’s DNA findings until the year Born in England -Field of study: Chemistry and Crystallography -Was not mentioned in the 1962 Nobel Prize awarded to scientists Watson and Crick for the discovery of the structure of DNA, even though it was her X-ray pictures and analysis that gave them the ability to discover the double helix -Died of ovarian cancer at the age of 37 -Was not given credit for her pivotal role in Watson and Crick’s DNA findings until the year 2000

Jane Goodall ( present) -Born in England -Field of study: Primatologist and Conservationist -Founder of the Jane Goodall Institute for Wildlife Research, Education and Conservation, based in Washington D.C. -As a child she had a love for animals and dreamed of studying them -In 1960, she joined paleontologist Louis Leakey at the Tanzania’s Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve -There she studied and grew attached to the Chimpanzees, even giving them individual names -Many awards and honors for her research with primates and the conservation of the environment -”We’ve been very arrogant in assuming that there’s a sharp line dividing us from the rest of the animal kingdom. We are not the only beings on this planet with personalities, minds, and, above all, emotions. We need to be more respectful.” Jane Goodall, Reader’s Digest -Born in England -Field of study: Primatologist and Conservationist -Founder of the Jane Goodall Institute for Wildlife Research, Education and Conservation, based in Washington D.C. -As a child she had a love for animals and dreamed of studying them -In 1960, she joined paleontologist Louis Leakey at the Tanzania’s Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve -There she studied and grew attached to the Chimpanzees, even giving them individual names -Many awards and honors for her research with primates and the conservation of the environment -”We’ve been very arrogant in assuming that there’s a sharp line dividing us from the rest of the animal kingdom. We are not the only beings on this planet with personalities, minds, and, above all, emotions. We need to be more respectful.” Jane Goodall, Reader’s Digest

Francoise Barre-Sinoussi (Jul 30, present) -Born in Paris, France -Field of study: Biochemistry and Virology -Holds a Masters Degree in Biochemistry, a Ph.D. in Virology, and a Postdoctoral in Retrovirology -Current director of the “Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit”, at the Institut Pastuer in Paris -Author/Co-author of more than 220 original publications and more 120 articles in book reviews -First author of the publication that reported in 1983 the discovery of the retrovirus later named HIV -Recipient of 10 national and international awards for contributions to HIV/AIDS Co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering HIV -Born in Paris, France -Field of study: Biochemistry and Virology -Holds a Masters Degree in Biochemistry, a Ph.D. in Virology, and a Postdoctoral in Retrovirology -Current director of the “Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit”, at the Institut Pastuer in Paris -Author/Co-author of more than 220 original publications and more 120 articles in book reviews -First author of the publication that reported in 1983 the discovery of the retrovirus later named HIV -Recipient of 10 national and international awards for contributions to HIV/AIDS Co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Medicine for discovering HIV

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