Efficient Generation of Electricity

Thermodynamics Cannot win, can only break even Cannot reach absolute zero Can only break even at absolute zero

Goal Increase as far as is possible, the maximum temperature in the cycle i.e. better materials & engineering

Charpy fatigue oxidation, corrosion tensile, creep critical stress intensity

MULTIPASS ARC WELD L.-E. SVENSSON

C, Mn, Si, Ni, Mo, Cr, V, Nb, Ti, Al, N, O, P, S B, ….. Casting, forging ….. welding parameters and processes prolonged heat treatments cost The Variables

thermodynamics kinetics cost models microstructure bayesian neural networks alloy design oxidation validation processing

Nickel base alloy FT750dc wt%

40  m

Temperature / °C Yield stress / MPa Tancret & Bhadeshia, 2002

FT750dc log (t /h) rupture stress / MPa Tancret & Bhadeshia, 2002

ferritic alloy C wt%

Cole & Bhadeshia, o C

Mechanically Alloyed Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Metals

Fe-20Cr-5Al- 0.5Ti-0.3 yttria wt% 90% reduction Capdevila & Bhadeshia, 2000

Helical grains

Capdevila & Bhadeshia, 2000

thermodynamics kinetics cost models microstructure bayesian neural networks alloy design oxidation validation processing

Problems During the development of these models, we have discovered some fundamental difficulties with theory In particular, theory dealing with small driving forces

diaz del Castillo & Bhadeshia, 2001a

Conclusions There has been progress in predicting alloy behaviour Much more progress needed in theory Oxidation models?