Unit 1: Biochemistry Bonds, Reactions & Energy

Quick Review Bonds: Valence Electron Interaction –Store Potential Energy –Release Energy (as kinetic) when broken Reactions: Interaction Atoms & Their Bonds –Break bonds, Form bonds –Release & Store Energy Energy: Potential & Kinetic

ATP ATP = Adenosine TriPhosphate –Energy Molecule –Stores LOTS of chemical potential energy in Phosphate bonds Rip off Phosphate  Release Energy Add on a Phosphate  Store Energy

Calories & Metabolism Metabolism: All chemical reactions in an organism. Calorie: Unit of heat-energy measurement –Food Calories = Amount of stored energy released when food is combusted

Determining Calories Calorimetry: Process of combusting molecules, to measure the amount of stored energy released. Process: –Dry out food. –Light food on fire. –Blow out flame. –Allow food to heat up water & Measure Temperature Change.

Making & Breaking Molecules Organisms constantly mess with bonds Break bonds  Want to Release Energy Form bonds  Want to Store Energy 2 Processes: –Hydrolysis –Dehydration

Hydrolysis Reactions Hydro-lysis: Destruction by Water Break Down Larger Molecules Process: –Add Water to Larger Molecule –Larger Molecule splits into 2 –One molecule grabs OH- –One molecule grabs H+

Dehydration Reactions A.K.A– Condensation Synthesis De-hydra-tion: Process of removing water. Build Larger Molecules Process: –Remove 2H’s and 1O from 2Molecules. –2Molecules are now unstable –2Molecules bond to form 1 Larger Molecule –2H’s and 1O  H 2 O