Introduction

 Spain continued to maintain its colonial empire for over 300 years.  The system that they established had to be improvised over the course of time because it had never been done before.

 Countries such as England, Holland, and France took advantage of Spain’s enormous responsibility and snuck in settlements in North America and the Caribbean.

 In 1810, the colonies began to revolt and by 1825 Spain had lost much of its colonial empire in America.

 He was a Dominican friar on the island of Hispaniola (now the Dominican Republic and Haiti)  He was the first member of the clergy to publicly denounce all forms of enslavement and oppression of the indigenous peoples of the Americas.

 He was a 16th-century Spanish historian, social reformer and Dominican friar.  He became the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the first officially appointed "Protector of the Indians”.  He dedicated his life to protecting the Indians.

 In the encomienda, the crown granted a person a specified number of natives for whom they were to take responsibility.  The receiver of the grant was to protect the natives and instruct them in the Spanish language and in the Catholic faith: in return they could extract tribute from the natives in the form of labor/gold.  Carlos V tried two times to ruin the encomienda systems (1526 & 1552), but he failed both times.  The imperial authority lost control of all the colonies because of the colony officials.

 The Indian population declined for several reasons:  Disease was a major factor, smallpox, measles, typhus.  Another factor was warfare. The Indians were constantly getting into altercations with the invading countries—most of the time the Indians were on the losing side.  The Indians also had very poor working conditions.

The New World was under debate weather to be separated into two lands or to stay into one land.

 They thought it should be into two lands because of the amount of control they would have if they had more capitals to control the lands. Real Consejo de las Indias  The Real Consejo de las Indias was an advisory council that gave advice to the Crown as to how to run the colonies.  Of course, this was set up in Spain, not in the colonies.  They wanted two parts to maximize administrative efficiency.

 Systems of monopolies controlled all traffic of goods into Spain and America to ensure that the gold and silver of the Indians arrived without difficulties in Spain and Portugal.

 Spain had to plan for a trip two or three years in advance which resulted in the rapid growth of the contraband, or illegal trading.

 Private, merchant ships were attacked by pirates and had to be protected by fleets of Spanish warships.

 The fleets were unable to provide sufficient amounts of merchandise to properly supply the colonies and the restrictive routes monopolies use were slow and expensive.

 Veracruz, Mexico was the port where Spain supplied the viceroyalty of New Spain with materials not found in the New World.

What made Potosi famous? It was famous for being a mountain made of silver ore.

Old Las Vegas · Potosi was like the modern-day Las Vegas, the city had gambling, prostitution, and other luxuries you would not find in Europe. · This city brought in a lot more profit then Spain expected from a colonial town.

Did the Gold and Silver in the Indies benefit Spain? NO! Because Spain just used the gold and silver to fund their wars against other European nations.

Gold, Silver and Conquest Gold and Silver influenced the Spanish to conquer more land, knowing once they find more gold and silver they will become the most powerful country in Europe.

Encomienda is a plantation where indians were forced to work as slaves.. A Hacienda is more of a farm where free workers came to do the labor. They developed close relationships with the owners. A Hacienda is more of a farm where free workers came to do the labor. They developed close relationships with the owners.

 The Catholic monks baptized 4 million natives in the first 15 years following the conquest.

 The church would intimidate people, at times they would throw dogs and cats in the oven to show the sufferings of hell.

 The most successful Missions flourished in the areas of Paraguay during the 17 and 18 century with a native population that came to surpass the 100,000 people.

 The church was apart of the government. It was the great agency of the social service during the colonial period, maintaining all kinds of establishments benefits from hospitals and sanitariums to asylums of elders.

 The church was the great agency of social service during the colonial period, (welfare, giving food and money to the poor, etc.).

Jessie DeCann

 The Spain Monarchy agreed to this.  This was when the Church decided to give the lands back to Portugal. The natives in missions were sold into slavery. The natives in missions were sold into slavery.

SPAIN PORTUGAL  Spain eventually found slavery to be illegal in it’s colonial territories.  Portugal on the other hand thought it was a brilliant way to get work done without having to do it themselves

 The natives weren’t able to continue on with the hard labor that the Portuguese and Spaniards needed. In 1441 African slave trade had begun

 In Africa, Africans sold each other to Europeans.  They transported slaves over the Atlantic Ocean on ships.