Pension Reform and Complementary Pension Funds in Brazil Colin Pugh, FCIA Funded Civil Service Pension Programs in Canada and the Netherlands Brasilia October 2003

Introduction Description and Analysis of Two Funded Defined Benefit Pension Plans for Civil Servants. OntarioNetherlands OMERS ABP INTRO

OMERS - Background Established in A funded, defined benefit pension plan. For employees of:  municipal governments;  school boards;  libraries;  police and fire departments;  children’s aid societies; and  other local agencies. HISTORY OMERS

Mission (governance issue no.1 for PIAC)  To provide fully funded pension benefits at reasonable and stable contribution rates.  To invest funds prudently, for long-term growth at acceptable risk levels.  To distribute timely and accurate information to employees and employers.  To provide high quality service to all stakeholders. MISSION OMERS PIAC: Pension Investment Association of Canada

Current membership  209,787 active members (municipalities=48%; school boards=25%; others = 27%)  89,157 retired members  906 employers Note (applicable to all slides):  all statistics at 31 December 2002  all amounts in Canadian dollars (C$1.00 = US$0.72 ) MEMBERS OMERS

The Pension Plan  Normal retirement at age 65.  Early retirement at age 55 (with 30 years’ service)  2% x Service x final 5-year average earnings = 70% of final-average earnings after 35 years  Pension indexation: 100% of CPI (max. 6%pa)  Equal employee and employer contributions  2004 contribution rate? = 8.8% EE + 8.8% ER THE PLAN OMERS

The Pension Fund  Third largest in Canada.  Market value of assets = $29,952,000,000  Smoothed market value = $35,475,000,000  Investment objective = inflation % Actuarial valuation method: Projected Unit Credit THE FUND OMERS

Progression of Fund ($ millions) OMERS ASSETS

Investment Returns ( ) OMERS RETURNS

Funded Positions (two tests) Going concern valuation Assets at smoothed market value Actuarial liabilities (plan continuance) Funded Ratio 31 December 2002$35,548$33,120107% 31 December 2001$35,475$31,019114% 31 December 2000$33,954$28,150121% Plan discontinuance valuation Assets at Market value Actuarial liabilities (plan discontinuance) Funded ratio 31 December 2002$29,952$36,98081% 31 December 2001$33,681$34,86697% OMERS FUNDED RATIOS

Underfunding and Overfunding  Underfunding – equal increases in contribution rates (employee and employer)  Overfunding – equal decreases in contribution rates  Contribution holidays – zero contributions from both employees and employers  Surplus withdrawals – cash shared equally COST SHARING OMERS

Asset allocations: strategic & tactical Asset typeMinimumTargetMaximum Equities55%60%65% Fixed income20%25%30% Real estate10%12.5%15% Real return bondsNil2.5%5% CashNil OMERS ASSET MIX

Current Asset Mix ASSET MIX OMERS

Management of the Fund 13 member board appointed by Ontario government  6 employee representatives  6 employer representatives  1 government representative  4 standing committees: executive, investment, pension and management  4 sub-committees: governance, audit, appeals and compensation MGMT OMERS

Asset Management  In-house management for 95% of Canadian stock portfolio and large proportion of US investments.  More than 80 in-house investment professionals  Otherwise, external management (e.g. Europe)  Increased emphasis on “alternative assets” (e.g. infrastructure projects and private equity)  Ever-increasing use of derivatives. ASSET MGMT OMERS

Corporate Governance - Internal  CEO is responsible for day-to-day management.  CEO cannot be a member of the Board.  Board appoints CEO, auditor, custodian, actuary.  In 2002, audit and non-audit functions were separated.  Mandatory orientation program for new board members and ongoing education for all board members.  Board seeks advice from outside experts.  Independent consultants evaluate Board’s performance; governance committee implements recommendations. GOV 1 OMERS

Corporate Governance - Communication  Board holds 2 meetings per year with plan members.  Maintains contact with plan participants through consultation with stakeholder groups on key issues.  Other communications through annual report, website, regular newsletters, presentations and correspondence.  Members are provided with comprehensive benefit statements on a regular basis. GOV 2 OMERS

Corporate Governance - Employees All employees in the investment division are subject to:  Code of Ethics;  Standards of Professional Conduct;  Conflict of Interest Policy. GOV 3 OMERS “Failure of an individual to maintain this Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct shall result in reprimand, up to and including dismissal.”

Corporate Governance - external  Details of policy in Proxy Voting Guidelines  Social responsible investments – require transparent communication of companies’ policies/procedures  “Links” to OECD and ICGN websites. SHARE VOTING OMERS “We vote the shares we beneficially own on behalf of plan members on the basis of their best financial interests” ICGN: International Corporate Governance Network

Proxy Voting – Basic Principles  Stock options must be expensed  Strict standards on management stock options  “Majority” of board directors from outside  All directors must own shares of the company  Outside directors must chair all key committees  Audit committee responsible for audit function and for retaining audit firms  Separation of Board Chair from CEO PROXY VOTING OMERS

Votes against Management North America ( )MotionsRejected Inside directors on committees360100% Audit-related issues1771% Option programs, including repricing64771% Takeover protection clauses6292% Social, ethical and environmental16347% Other issues145622% OMERS PROXIES

In Summary A well organized and effectively run pension plan and pension fund providing generous benefits on a cost-effective basis. SUMMARY OMERS

Ontario Netherlands OMERS ABP PART 2

ABP - Background Established in A funded, defined benefit pension plan. For employees of:  central government;  provincial and municipal governments;  police and judiciary;  defense;  water boards and other utilities;  school boards and culture and science agencies  ABP and its subsidiaries. ABP HISTORY

Current membership  1,065,677 active participants (including 7,677 employees of ABP and associated companies)  692,000 former participants  42,000 early retirement pensions/salary continuation  330,000 in receipt of retirement pensions  331,000 in receipt of survivor, disability and flexible early retirement pensions. Note (applicable to all slides):  all statistics at 31 December 2002  all amounts are in euro (€1.00 = $1.10-$1.14 ) ABP MEMBERS

The Pension Plan  Normal retirement at age 65.  Early retirement at age 55.  1.75% x Service x (almost) final salary = 70% of final salary after 40 years  Pension indexation: under review.  Employee pay 25% of the overall cost.  2003 contribution rates = 3.8% EE % ER  Social security integration: salary below the franchise is ignored for benefits and contributions. ABP THE PLAN

The Pension Fund  Largest or second largest fund in the World.  Market value of assets = €135,564,000,000  Smoothed market value: not used.  Investment objective = long bond yields + 2%pa. Actuarial valuation methods:  Current unit credit (discount rate of 4%pa)  Current unit credit (current real interest rate) No explicit allowance for salary increases, but… No allowance for employee turnover, etc… ABP THE FUND

Progression of Fund (€ millions) ASSETS ABP

Investment returns ( ) RETURNS ABP

Funded Positions (two tests) Statutory valuation Assets at market value Actuarial liabilities (4% discount rate) Funded Ratio 31 December 2002€135,564€131,680103% 31 December 2001€147,334€121,039122% 31 December 2000€150,302€112,347134% Real interest rate valuation Assets at market value Fully-indexed liabilities Funded ratio 31 December 2002€135,564€157,62186% 31 December 2001€147,334€131,083112% 31 December 2000€150,302€121,702124% FUNDED RATIOS ABP Funding objective = 140% of fully-indexed liabilities

Asset allocations: strategic & actual Asset typeTarget Actual end-2002 Actual end-2001 Equities40%30%36% Bonds40%54%51% Real estate and alternative inv’ts 20%16%13% ASSET MIX ABP

Current Asset Mix ABP ASSET MIX

Management of the Fund  Board of Governors (chair + 5 employer representatives + 5 employee representatives).  Board of Directors: day-to-day responsibilities (3 members).  Investment committee advising board of directors.  Advisory Committee (36 employer representatives and 36 employee representatives): now to be split into participants’ council and employers’ council?  3,000 employees (including 365 employees at ABP Investments – Netherlands and New York).  In-house international staff of specialist managers (at ABP Investments) manages 85% of fund assets. ABP MGMT

ABP subsidiaries and affiliates  Loyalis: sells income-replacement products, provides financial advice and services related to disability prevention and re-integration.  Obvion (joint venture): residential mortgages.  ABP Investments: in-house asset management.  NIB Capital: asset management.  State Street Global Alliance (joint venture): asset management, focusing on creating high added value and pursuing innovative investment strategies. ABP OTHER

Governance  As a shareholder: “ABP will base its corporate governance policy on the principles established by ICGN and OECD.”  Setting Strategic Investment Plan: heavy emphasis on Asset Liability Modeling (ALM) studies.  Other internal considerations: clear delineation of roles; checks and balances; reasoned behavior; prudent investment process; compliance monitoring; use of experts and third parties → “Code of Conduct”.  Basic objective: “first quartile customer service (as measured by CEM) on a cost-effective basis”. ABP GOV CEM: Cost Effective Measurement (Toronto-based research bureau)

Conclusions and Questions  Two well-structured pension funds, with many common features and some distinct features.  OMERS – useful lessons on “governance”.  ABP – emphasis on ALM and “prudent expert”.  Pension regulation – heavy in both countries, but slightly different emphasis (e.g. funding rules). SUMMARY Questions?