Prof. Yuan-Shyi Peter Chiu Introduction to M.I.S. April 17, 2017 Management Information Systems - Class Note # 2 Prof. Yuan-Shyi Peter Chiu Feb. 2011 Dr. Yuan-Shyi Peter Chiu

Chap 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise Introduction to M.I.S. April 17, 2017 Chap 2 Information Systems in the Enterprise 2.1 Key System Applications in the Organization 2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective 2.3 Integrating Functions and Business Processes 2.4 International Information Systems Dr. Yuan-Shyi Peter Chiu

Fig 2.1: Types of Information Systems

Different kinds of systems 2.1 Different kinds of systems  Operational-level systems Information systems that monitor the elementary activities and transactions of the organization . Information systems that support knowledge and data workers in an organization. 1 / 2  Knowledge-level systems

Different kinds of systems 2.1 Different kinds of systems  Management-level systems Information systems that support the monitoring, controlling, decision making, and administrative activities of middle managers.  Information systems that support the long-range planning activities of senior management . 2 / 2  Strategic-level systems

Major Types of Systems Executive Support Systems (ESS) Decision Support Systems (DSS) Management Information Systems (MIS) Knowledge Work Systems (KWS) Office Automation Systems (OAS) Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

Fig 2-2: The six major types of information systems.

Six Major Types of Systems 2.1 Six Major Types of Systems  TPS – Transaction Processing Systems  Computerized systems that perform and record the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct the business; they serve the organization’s operational level.

Fig 2-4: Typical applications of TPS ■

TYPICAL TPS APPLICATIONS Sales & Marketing Systems  MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF SYSTEMS:  Sales Management ;  Market Research ;  Promotion ; Pricing ; New Products  MAJOR APPLICATION SYSTEMS:  Sales Order Info System ;  Market Research System ;  Pricing System See Fig. 2-4 ( p.43 )

TPS – Transaction Processing Systems 2.1 TPS – Transaction Processing Systems  Manufacturing  Plant scheduling  Material movement control  Machine control  Finance  Securities trading  Cash management

TPS – Transaction Processing Systems 2.1 TPS – Transaction Processing Systems  Accounting  Payroll  Account payable  Account receivable  Human Resources  Compensation  Training & development  Employee record keeping

Fig 2-3: A symbolic representation for a payroll TPS. 2.1 Payroll TPS ◆ Fig 2-3: A symbolic representation for a payroll TPS.

Six Major Types of Systems 2.1 Six Major Types of Systems  KWS – knowledge work systems  Information systems that aid knowledge workers in the creation and integration of new knowledge in the organization . Example: Engineering work station

Six Major Types of Systems 2.1 Six Major Types of Systems  OAS – office automation systems  Computer systems, such as word processing, electronic mail systems, and scheduling systems, that are designed to increase the productivity of data workers in the office .

Six Major Types of Systems 2.1 Six Major Types of Systems  MIS – Management Information Systems  Information systems at the management level of organization that serve the functions of planning, controlling, and decision making by providing routine summary and exception reports. Example: Annual budgeting

2.1 MIS Structured and semi-structured decisions Report control oriented Past and present data Internal orientation

TPS DATA FOR MIS APPLICATIONS Fig 2-5: How management information systems obtain their data the from the organization’s TPS .

Six Major Types of Systems 2.1 Six Major Types of Systems  DSS – Decision Support Systems  Information systems at the management level of an organization that combine data and sophisticated analytical models to support non-routine decision making. Example: Contract cost analysis

Fig 2-7: Voyage estimating decision-support system . Decision Support System (DSS) ◆ Fig 2-7: Voyage estimating decision-support system .

2.1 MIS & DSS  Sales and marketing Manufacturing  Sales management  Sales region analysis Manufacturing  Inventory control  Production scheduling

 Finance  Accounting  Human Resource 2.1 MIS & DSS  Annual budgeting  Cost analysis  Accounting  Capital investment analysis  Pricing / profitability analysis  Human Resource  Relocation analysis  Contract cost analysis

Six Major Types of Systems 2.1 Six Major Types of Systems  ESS – Executive Support Systems  Information system at the organization’s strategic level designed to address unstructured decision making through advanced graphics and communications. Example: 5-year operating plan

2.1 ESS Top level management Designed to the individual Ties CEO to all levels Very expensive to keep up Extensive support staff

Executive Support System (ESS) Figure 2-8 Fig 2-8: Model of a typical executive support system .

 Sales and marketing  Sales trend  Manufacturing  Operating plan 2.1 ESS  Sales and marketing  Sales trend forecasting  Manufacturing  Operating plan  Finance  Budget forecasting  Accounting  Profit planning  Human Resource  Personnel planning

Characteristics of Different Types of Information Systems 2.1 Characteristics of Different Types of Information Systems  Information inputs  Processing  Information outputs  Users See Table 2-1 ( p.41 )

Fig 2-9: Interrelationships among systems 2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective Fig 2-9: Interrelationships among systems

2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective  SALES & MARKETING SYSTEMS  MANUFACTURING & PRODUCTION SYSTEMS  FINANCE & ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS  HUMAN RESOURCES SYSTEMS

Sales and Marketing Systems 2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective Sales and Marketing Systems Major functions of systems: Sales management, market research, promotion, pricing, new products Major application systems: Sales order info system, market research system, pricing system

Sales and Marketing Systems

Manufacturing and Production Systems 2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective Manufacturing and Production Systems Major functions of systems: Scheduling, purchasing, shipping, receiving, engineering, operations Major application systems: Materials resource planning systems, purchase order control systems, engineering systems, quality control systems

Manufacturing and Production Systems

Financing and Accounting Systems 2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective Financing and Accounting Systems Major functions of systems: Budgeting, general ledger, billing, cost accounting Major application systems: General ledger, accounts receivable, accounts payable, budgeting, funds management systems

Financing and Accounting Systems

Human Resource Systems 2.2 Systems from a Functional Perspective Human Resource Systems Major functions of systems: Personnel records, benefits, compensation, labor relations, training Major application systems: Payroll, employee records, benefit systems, career path systems, personnel training systems

Human Resource Systems

2.3 Business Processes and Information Systems Manner in which work is organized, coordinated, and focused to produce a valuable product or service Concrete work flows of material, information, and knowledge—sets of activities Unique ways to coordinate work, information, and knowledge Ways in which management chooses to coordinate work

Examples of Business Processes 2.3 Business Processes and Information Systems Examples of Business Processes Manufacturing and production: Assembling product, checking quality, producing bills of materials Sales and marketing: Identifying customers, creating customer awareness, selling

Fig. 2-12 The Order Fulfillment Process 2.3 Business Processes and Information Systems Cross-Functional Business Processes Fig. 2-12 The Order Fulfillment Process

Information systems help organizations 2.3 Business Processes and Information Systems Information systems help organizations Achieve great efficiencies by automating parts of processes Rethink and streamline processes

2.3 Business Processes and Information Systems Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Manages all ways used by firms to deal with existing and potential new customers Uses information system to coordinate entire business processes of a firm Provides end-to-end customer care Provides a unified view of customer across the company Consolidates customer data from multiple sources and provides analytical tools for answering questions

2.3 Business Processes and Information Systems Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Figure 2-13

2.3 Business Processes and Information Systems Supply Chain Management (SCM) Close linkage and coordination of activities involved in buying, making, and moving a product Integrates supplier, manufacturer, distributor, and customer, logistics, time Reduces time, redundant effort, and inventory costs Network of organizations and business processes Helps in procurement of materials, transformation of raw materials into finished products Helps in distribution of the finished products to customers Includes reverse logistics - returned items flow in the reverse direction from the buyer back to the seller

2.3 Business Processes and Information Systems Supply Chain Management Figure 2-14

2.3 How Information Systems Facilitate Supply Chain Management Decide when, what to produce, store, move Rapidly communicate orders Communicate orders, track order status Check inventory availability, monitor levels Track shipments Plan production based on actual demand Rapidly communicate product design change Provide product specifications Share information about defect rates, returns

2.3 Collaborative Commerce Figure 2-15

2.3 Enterprise System Figure 2-17

2.4 Global System Configuration Figure 2-18

HOMEWORK Chap.2 # 1 # 2 # 3 # 7 # 8 # 9 # 10: What is CRM? Introduction to M.I.S. April 17, 2017 HOMEWORK Chap.2 # 1 # 2 # 3 # 7 # 8 # 9 # 10: What is CRM? # 11: What is SCM? # 12 ~ THE END ~ Dr. Yuan-Shyi Peter Chiu