Archaic H. sapiens Zambia Modern H. sapiens Ethiopia 160,000 ybp 300,000 ybp

Earliest modern humans Africa:c. 200,000 ybp Asia:c. 90,000 ybp Europe:c. 35,000 ybp

90,000 ybp Klasies River Mouth Cave South Africa chin

Early modern humans more robust than present populations from the same regions Zhoukoudian, China 29,000 ybp Lothagam, Kenya 9,000 ybp

Cro Magnon, France 30,000 ybp No trace of Neandertal features

Modern Croatian Neandertal; But, Neandertal features in other populations of modern humans

Chauvet Cave, France: c. 20,000 ybp

Evolution in isolation

Homo floresiensis ?

Dwarfism and Gigantism on Islands Not universal but fairly common Natural selection – Dwarfism: food energy constraint – Gigantism: availability of large prey

Gigantism: Komodo Dragons

Stegodon Flores dwarf Est. 800 pounds Dwarfism

Liang Bua cave

Specialized tools, possibly hafted Note Small size

2003 Skeleton Discovery Unearthed a skull, jaw, pelvis, and leg bones. Bones from an adult female. Homo erectus-like features (sloping forehead, arched brow ridges, but much smaller. Smallest brain of genus Homo – 1/3 size of modern humans. Specimen was radiocarbon and luminescence dated at about 18,000 years old.

Two dating methods: 35,000 – 18,000 ybp Brain smaller than that of smallest Australopithcines cc Homo floresiensis reported in 2004

c 3 ft tall c. 55 lbs.

Did H. floresiensis interact with H. sapiens? Modern humans arrived in Borneo roughly 43,000 years ago Liang Bua site in Flores was buried by a volcano 11,000 years ago. 20,000 years of possible co-existence.