Green Science Energy

What is energy? BATs Recognise that we get our energy from our food 3 Recognise Joules as unit of energy 4 Interpret information about energy content of foods 5 What is energy? When something happens an energy change happens. Look at the demos What changes are happening?

Types of energy light sound electrical Gravitational potential kinetic chemical Elastic/spring heat

How do we measure energy? Energy is measured in … JOULES (J) 1000 Joules = 1 kilojoule (kJ) How many kJ would there be in 2,500 J 2.5kJ

Where do we get our energy from? The energy we need comes from food Look at the food labels Find Nutritional Information – look for energy for 100g/ml of each food Play food ‘Top Trumps’ Which food has the most and least energy?

How much energy in food? You will need: A cork with a pin!!! Boiling tube thermometer Small measuring cylinder Clamp/stand Bench mat Goggles Pieces of food Method: Set up the clamp stand Measure 25 ml water into a boiling tube. Hold boiling tube in clamp Take the temperature of the water Place a piece of food carefully on the pin Set light to the food and place under the boiling tube. Measure the temperature after the food has all burnt

How much energy in food? food Temperature at start 0 C Temperature at end 0 C Difference in temperature 0 C

How much energy in food? Draw a graph of the results of your experiment OR Pick 5 foods from the labels you have looked at Draw a graph to show how much energy each food has per 100g/ml

Plenary List all the things you have done today What types of energy were involved E.g ate breakfast – chemical energy Walked to school - …………….energy Have you achieved your BAT’s?

Which is the best fuel? BATs Describe briefly what happens when a fuel burns 3 Assess the risks in doing an experiment with fuels 4 ( Evaluate which fuel is the best and why 5 Rearrange these words to reveal 5 types of energy: ieikntc lcmhceia nosud lcrcleetia isleatc kinetic chemical sound electrical elastic What types are missing? Sticker if you can get them!!

Fuels coal gas oil wood Petrol/diesel nuclear peat

What happens when fuels burn? When fuels burn it is called COMBUSTION Fuel + _ _ _ _ _ _ carbon dioxide + _ _ _ _ _ + heat oxygen water

Which is the best fuel for heating water? Fuel Temperature at the start ( O C) Temperature after 3 mins ( O C) Temperature change ( O C) Ethanol20299 Wood20211 Candle wax18255 gas Copy this table into your books – leave the names of the fuels for now Predict which one will be the best and why

PbyP You are going to do an experiment to find out which is the best fuel. What safety precautions will you need to make? Write a risk assessment for the experiment Some you may not of thought of … Listening to advice and suggestions Not being too overpowering or bossy! Following instructions This can be used as a piece of work you could submit for PbyP – Managing Risks!

Which is the best fuel for heating water? You will need: As a table choose 3 fuels to test. Work in pairs – each pair tests one fuel. 1.Set up apparatus as in diagram 2.Pour 20ml water into a boiling tube. 3.Take temperature of water before heating 4.Light fuel and heat the water for 3 minutes 5.Take the temperature of the water again Goggles, stopwatch Measuring cylinder Heatproof mat Tin lid fuel thermometer Boiling tube Clamp and stand

Which is the best fuel for heating water? Evaluating Which fuel gave the largest rise in temperature? Which fuel was the easiest to light? Which was the ‘cleanest’ fuel (least soot)? Overall the best fuel for heating water is ……..…., because ………………………..

Plenary In your team decide how successfully.. Your risk assessment worked Your group completed the experiment Could you make any improvements to either of the above?

Lesson 3 –How were fuels formed? BATs Identify some common fossil fuels (3) Describe how fossil fuels were formed (4) Explain why fossil fuels are called non-renewable (5) Analyse some of the advantages and disadvantages of using fossil fuels (6) Starter Which of the following are not fuels? Gas Coal Heat Electricity Peat Oil nuclear

FuelHow easy to light? Does it burn cleanly? How much energy is released? coaldifficultno30 kJ per gram natural gasvery easyyes55 kJ per gram oileasyno45 kJ per gram 1. Which fuel is the easiest to light? 2. Which fuel burns most cleanly? What does this mean? 3. From which fuel do we get petrol? 4. Which fuel gives the most energy if one gram is burned? 5. Which fossil fuel is a solid, which is a liquid and which is a gas? 6 a Why do you think petrol is used in cars instead of coal or natural gas? b Why do you think lots of homes use natural gas for central heating instead of coal or oil? Which is the best fuel?

Fossil Fuels Coal, oil and natural gas are examples of FOSSIL FUELS. Why do you think they are called this?

Fossil Fuels Coal oil and gas were formed millions of years ago from dead plants and animals. There is a finite amount of these materials on the Earth so they will run out eventually. Once they are used up they cannot be regenerated and used again. These fuels are called NON-RENEWABLE energy resources Uranium is a radioactive material that is also non-renewable, but is not a fossil fuel.

Coal Formation Predict what happened next

How coal was formed About 300 million years ago, plants photosynthesized and stored the Sun’s energy. Dead plants fell into swampy water and the mud stopped them from rotting away. Over the years, the mud piled up and squashed the plants. After millions of years under this pressure, the mud became rock and the plants became coal. Coal

Oil formation Predict what happened next

How oil was formed Oil is also biological in origin. Millions of years ago tiny animals lived in the sea. Like now their ecosystem was dependent on heat and light from the Sun and photosynthesis by plants. When they died they fell into mud and sand at the bottom of the sea but didn’t rot away. Over millions of years, they got buried deeper by the mud and sand. The temperature and pressure (caused by the weight of the sediments and deep burial) changed the mud and sand into rock and the dead animals into crude oil and natural gas. This sample of crude oil was formed in Southern England. Crude oil formed in other parts of the world can be very different in appearance and viscosity.

How were coal and oil formed? Read p in the Go Science! Book Create a story board (with notes) for how either coal or oil were formed Try to be neat and use colour!

How true is it to say that all our energy comes from the Sun? Plenary – discuss in groups

Greenhouse effect From air trapped in Antarctic ice, we have a good idea of CO 2 concentrations going back 160,000 years. Which label goes with each picture? 200ppm CO 2 300ppm CO 2 We also know the temperatures over the same period. The very warm interglacial period of 130,000 years ago was accompanied by CO 2 levels of around 300 ppm. The previous great Ice Age had CO 2 levels around 200 ppm.

Normally the Earth absorbs heat and emits heat at the same rate. Because of this the temperature remains constant. Certain gases, like CO 2 and methane, act like a greenhouse. They let heat in but do not let it out. This means: the more CO 2 there is, the hotter planet Earth is! Earth Heat from sun Heat loss More CO 2 Earth Heat from sun Heat loss hotter And hotter And hotter! balanced same temp Greenhouse effect

Choice of Activities – can be submitted for PbyP Either 1.Make a powerpoint to show how Coal and/or oil was formed 2.Explain using powerpoint what The Greenhouse effect is and what causes it to happen (e.g. burning fossil fuels) 3.Explain how to reduce the effects of the Greenhouse effect and Global Warming e.g recycling, using renewable energy sources

Plenary Look at someone else’s powerpoint Suggest 1 strength of their work Suggest one way they could improve the work Be thoughtful and constructive please!! Holiday Homework – finish today’s powerpoint and submit it for PbyP. Merry Christmas!!!