1 CIS 100 Winter 2005 Week 10 Lecture Dr. David Gadish

2 Week 10 Agenda  Programming and Languages (Chapter 14)  Your Future and Information Technology (Chapter 15)

Programming and Languages

4 Competencies Six steps of programming Design tools Program testing CASE tools and Object-oriented software Generations of programming languages

5 Programs  A list of instructions for the computer –Processes data into information  Application programs –Used by end users  System programs –Used by computer  Prepackaged  Custom-made

6 Software Development  Specification  Design  Code  Test  Documentation  Maintenance

7 Step 1: Program Specifications  Program definition or analysis –Objectives Statement of problem –Outputs Desired results –Inputs Determine inputs and their source –Processing requirements –Specification document

8 Step 2: Program Design  Solutions are planned and created  Techniques used –Top-down program design –Pseudocode –Flowcharts –Logic structures Sequence Selection Loop

9 Step 3: Program Code  Code the processes from the program design  Good program qualities –Reliable –Well documented –Understandable to programmers –Structured programs best method

10 Step 4: Program Test  Testing and correcting errors –Debugging  Syntax errors  Logic errors  Testing process –Desk checking –Manual testing –Translation –Test with sample data –Beta testing

11 Step 5: Documentation  Written descriptions and procedures about the program and how to use it  Written within programs and in documents  Written for –Users –Operators –Programmers

12 Step 6: Program Maintenance  75% of total lifetime cost  Ensure that programs are –Error-free –Efficient –Effective  Two categories –Operations –Changing needs

13 CASE  Computer-aided software engineering  Automate development process –Designing –Coding –Testing

14 Object-Oriented Programming  OOP software for development –Focuses less on procedures  OOP software development changes programming approach –Program is organized into objects –Modules –Emphasize re-use

15 Programming Languages  Occurring in “generations” –Machine languages to natural languages  Lower level, closer to machine language  Higher level is closer to human-like language

16 Generations of Languages  1 st -- Machine languages  2 nd -- Assembly languages  3 rd -- High level procedural languages  4 th -- Problem-oriented languages  5 th -- Natural languages

17 A Look to the Future  Natural language programming  Ml-tech –System developed by Synapse Solutions –Enter a “wish list” –Computer translates the list

Your Future and Information Technology

19 Competencies Individual strategy Technology changing competition React to new technology Computer competence Job definitions

20 Changing Times  Successful individuals have a strategy  Technology changes responsibilities  Some jobs are made obsolete, but new ones are created  Successful individuals are best at changing

21 Technology and Organizations  Technology changes competition –New products –New enterprises Internet service providers Webmasters –New customer and supplier relationships

22 Technology and People  Different coping styles with technology –Cynicism Computer use is overrated –Naiveté Magic boxes –Frustration Imposition to learn something new –Proactivity Acting in anticipation

23 Be a Winner  Stay current  Maintain competence  Develop professional contacts  Develop specialties  Be alert  Innovative opportunities

24 Job Opportunities On-line  Browse job listings  Post resumes  Use special agents (on-line employment agency)

25 IS Careers  Systems analyst  Web technology  Database administrator  Programmer  Network manager  Computer support Specialist

26 A Look to the Future  Take positive control  Concentrate on goals  Use computer to your advantage  Gain control over technology