APPLICATIONS OF RS/GIS TECHNIQUES IN GROUNDWATER DECONTAMINATION PARUL SHARMA AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY AMITY UNIVERSITY, MANESAR, HARYANA

POLLUTION-A PRIZE TAG OF MODERN SOCIETY POLYMERS PLASTICS SOLVENTS FUELS DETERGENTS DYES PESTICIDES CARCINOGENS PAINTS HEAVY METALS

Ground water  Major pathway into the body for contaminants  Easy to contaminate, difficult (costly) to remediate.  Extensive to transport. Why worry about Ground Water Supplies?

ORIGIN OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION CONTAMINATION Any physical, chemical, biological or radiological substance or matter that has an adverse effect on air, water or soil POINT SOURCES (Radioactive waste disposal Sites Landfills, storage tanks, NON-POINT SOURCES (runoff from pesticides & fertilizers applications) ENDOSULFAN EPISODE

LAND USE IMPACT ON GROUND WATER QUALITY ILLEGAL DUMPINGILLICIT DISCHARGE Contaminated groundwater may play a significant role in contaminating urban river system

Existing Scenario of Hazardous Waste Management ….

The Challenge Using Geo-Spatial technique research to:  …Help clean up past environmental damage  …Correct present environmental problems  …Prevent future environmental impacts

OBJECTIVES  Identification and Risk Assessment by siting areas of groundwater contamination  Management of groundwater contamination by proper landfill siting. Shift from Conventional to Sophisticated techniques

COMPONENTS OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUE Environmental Sustainability Economic Sustainability Scio political Sustainability

UTILIZATION OF GIS DATA GIS DATA GRAPHIC DATA ATTRIBUTE DATA VECTOR (tells about geographic location) SATELLITE (tells about multi-dimensional photographs GPS (tells about important landmarks

MCDM Analysis GROUND WATER TABLE GROUND WATER QUALITY LAND USE HABITATION GEOLOGY AIR QUALITY INDEX LAND USE ELEVATION FAULT-LINE MULTI-CRITERIA DECESION MAKING ANALYSIS

CASE STUDIES  Arsenic in Bangladesh  Love Canal Chemical Waste Dump (USA)  Cadmium (Epidemics in Japan)

ARSENIC IN BANGLADESH  20% of the countries wells affected  900,000 of the country's four million tubewells were sunk with UNICEF assistance  Estimated that the number of people exposed to arsenic concentrations above 0.05 mg/l is million (more than 0.01 mg/l is million) (BGS, 2000)  Long-term exposure to arsenic via drinking-water causes cancer of the skin, lungs, urinary bladder, and kidney, as well as other skin changes such as pigmentation changes and thickening. ARSENIC :THE KING OF POISION [USEPA, 2009]

SKIN LESIONS

Arsenic in Drinking Water in the US  Setting the Standard  2008: California toxicologist argues that US EPA standard for As in drinking water would constitute a 1:100 risk of cancer for lifetime consumption

LOVE CANAL EPISODE Landfill near Niagara Fall, New York. Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation put wastes in abandoned canal, covered it, deeded 16 acres to Niagara Falls Board of Education in Chemicals leaking into basements, contaminating groundwater. Environmental Emergency declared in 1978.

Japan (1980s)  effluent (outflow) from a lead- processing plant washed over adjacent rice paddies for many years rice accumulated high level of Cd community was poor (and therefore malnourished with respect to calcium) acute toxicity: renal failure,anemia, severe muscle pain  named "Itai-Itai" disease ("ouch, ouch") Cadmium (Cd) Epidemics Itai-itai victim

CONCLUSION  Today's GIS produces intelligent, relevant, and useful spatial (3D)information that achieves critical response missions. First responders deserve nothing less.  The need of the hour is to have scientifically designed landfill system in Indian cities so that ground water can be protected from being polluted.  GIS, a powerful risk assessment tool, is cost effective and can successfully mitigate and manage the problem of groundwater contamination

END NOTE If a picture is worth a thousand words, then certainly an intelligent map is worth much more.

Come forth into the light of things, Let nature be your teacher William Wordsworth SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT