Previously in Chem104: Standard Reduction Table (trends) Balancing Redox Equations (#1-easy) (#2-harder) Why the Correct Oxidation State Matters Today in Chem104: It’s not all about Batteries: The Great Cycle of Energy Not at Standard? Membrane Potentials

Electron Transfer Reactions: NOT only for Metals! NOT only about batteries! Biology Is Run By Electron Transfer

5 Large Protein Complexes in Respiration

5 Complexes in Respiration Do Electron Transport Using Electron Transfer Reactions (and pump H+ and make ATP…)

Detailed View of One Complex

The Great Cycle of Energy Derived like this:

The Great Cycle of Energy GG EK eq  G = -RTlnK  G = -n F E rxn lnK = (nF/RT)E rxn

The Great Cycle of Energy Explains membrane potential ….. But first, we have to deal with Non-Standard Conditions: concentrations ≠ 1.0 M Keyword: Nernst

TABLE OF STANDARD REDUCTION POTENTIALS E o (V) Cu e-  Cu+0.34 I2I2 + 2e-  2 I Zn e-  Zn-0.76 stronger reducing ability Ag + + e-  Ag+0.80 Fe 3+ + e-  Fe Pb e-  Pb-0.13 Fe e-  Fe-0.04 Al e-  Al-1.66Na + + e-  Na+2.71 K + + e-  K H + + 2e-  H stronger oxidizing ability

The Great Cycle of Energy and Neuron Membrane Potentials The ideas covered in Chapter 20 can be extended to understand a crucial concept in neurobiology, neurotransmittors and brain activity: membrane potential which is the electrical potential across a nerve axon cell membrane.

The Great Cycle of Energy and Neuron Membrane Potentials

The Great Cycle of Energy and Neuron Membrane Potentials

K Channels: what they look like