Aspen 13-20 Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos1 DIFFRACTION FROM THE TEVATRON TO LHC Aspen Winter Conference 13-20 February 2005 Konstantin.

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Presentation transcript:

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos1 DIFFRACTION FROM THE TEVATRON TO LHC Aspen Winter Conference February 2005 Konstantin Goulianos The Rockefeller University

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos2 Forty Years of Diffraction 1960’sBNL: first observation of pp -> pX 1970’sFermilab fixed target, ISR, SPS  Regge theory & factorization Review: KG, Phys. Rep. 101 (1983) ’sUA8: diffractive dijets  hard diffraction 1990’sTev Run-I: Regge factorization breakdown Tev/ HERA: QCD factorization breakdown 21 st C Multigap diffraction: restoration of factorization Ideal for diffractive LHC

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos3 What is Dark Energy?? * * * H He E M * * * H He E M

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos4 Diffraction Dissociation KG, Phys. Rep. 101 (1983) 171 X y  POMERON: color singlet w/vacuum quantum numbers

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos5 Rapidity Gaps Gaps are exponentially suppressed From Poisson statistics: (  =particle density in rapidity space) Rapidity gaps are formed by multiplicity fluctuations. Non-diffractive interactions Bj, PRD 47 (1993) 101: regions of (pseudo)rapidity devoid of particles Rapidity gaps at t=0 grow with  y. Diffractive interactions 2  : negative particle density!

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos6 CDF in Run I 93(2004)141601

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos7 valence quarks antiproton x=x= Diffraction in QCD proton  g =0.20  q =0. 04  R =-0.5 g =0.5 q =0.3 SOFTHARD deep sea Derive diffractive from inclusive PDFs and color factors antiproton valence quarks p p

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos8 CDF in Run I-0 ( ) Elastic, single diffractive, and total cross 546 and 1800 GeV Roman Pot Spectrometers Roman Pot Detectors  Scintillation trigger counters  Wire chamber  Double-sided silicon strip detector Results  Total cross section  tot ~ s   Elastic cross section d  /dt ~ exp[2  ’ ln s ]  shrinking forward peak  Single diffraction Breakdown of Regge factorization Additional Detectors Trackers up to |  | = 7

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos9 Regge Theory

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos10  Unitarity problem: With factorization and std pomeron flux  SD exceeds  T at  Renormalization: normalize the pomeron flux to unity Renormalization KG, PLB 358 (1995) 379 ~10

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos11 A Scaling Law in Diffraction KG&JM, PRD 59 (1999) Factorization breaks down in favor of M 2 -scaling renormalization 1

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos12 The QCD Connection y  The exponential rise of  T (  y’) is due to the increase of wee partons with  y’ (see E. Levin, An Introduction to Pomerons,Preprint DESY ) y  Total cross section: power law rise with energy Elastic cross section forward scattering amplitude  s

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos13 2 independent variables: Gap probability Renormalization removes the s-dependence SCALING QCD Basis of Renormalization t color factor (KG, hep-ph/ )

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos14 The Factors  and  Experimentally: KG&JM, PRD 59 (114017) 1999 g =0.20 q =0.04 R =-0.5 f g =gluon fraction f q =quark fraction Color factor: Pomeron intercept: CTEQ5L

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos15  Double Diffraction Dissociation  One central gap  Double Pomeron Exchange  Two forward gaps  SDD: Single+Double Diffraction  One forward + one central gap Central and Double Gaps

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos16 Gap probabilitySub-energy cross section (for regions with particles) Multigap Renormalization Same suppression as for single gap! 5 independent variables color factors (KG, hep-ph/ )

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos17  One-gap cross sections are suppressed  Two-gap/one-gap ratios are Central & Double-Gap Results Differential shapes agree with Regge predictions DDSDDDPE

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos18 Diffractive HERA e Q2Q2 ** p jet  reorganize J. Collins: Factorization should hold e **  t p IP Pomeron exchangeColor reorganization

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos19 Inclusive vs Diffractive DIS  P (0)-1 (  q  )/2 F 2 ~ x  qq KG, “Diffraction: a New Approach,” J.Phys.G26: ,2000 e-Print Archive: hep-ph/

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos20  diff /  incl DIS at HERA At fixed x: flat Q 2 -dependence At fixed Q 2 : flat x-dependence

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos21 CDF-IC Run-ICRun-IA,B Forward Detectors BBC 3.2<  <5.9 FCAL 2.4<  <4.2

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos22 All fractions ~ 1%  Factorization ~ Tevatron at fixed c.m.s. energy. Diffractive CDF 1.45 (0.25)J/  0.62 (0.25)b 0.75 (0.10)JJ 1.15 (0.55)W Fraction(%) X SD/ND fraction at 1800 GeV

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos23 Diffractive Tevatron p jet reorganize jet

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos24 Diffractive Structure SD/ND Rates vs Measure ratio of SD/ND dijet rates as a f’n of In LO-QCD ratio of rates equals ratio of structure fn’s

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos25 F D JJ ( , Q 2 Tevatron

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos26 Tevatron vs HERA: Factorization Breakdown dN/d  gap dN/d  gap pp IP CDF H1 pp IP e **  t p IP Predicted in KG, PLB 358 (1995) 379

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos27 Restoring Factorization R(SD/ND) R(DPE/SD) DSF from two/one gap: factorization restored!

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos28 CDF-II Tag leading 0.02 <  < 0.1 Reject (retain) 95% of ND (SD)events detect forward particles

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos29 MiniPlug Calorimeter About 1500 wavelength shifting fibers of 1 mm dia. are ‘strung’ through holes drilled in 36x¼” lead plates sandwiched between reflective Al sheets and guided into bunches to be viewed individually by multi-channel photomultipliers.

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos30 Artist’s View of MiniPlug 25 in 5.5 in 84 towers

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos31 Exclusive Dijets in DPE Interest in diffractive Higgs production Calibrate on exclusive dijets Dijet mass fraction no peak! Upper limit for excl DPE-jj consistent with theory: KMR  60 25<E T J <35 GeV

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos32 Gap Between Jets Question

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos33 LHC  Multigap diffraction  Exclusive production of high mass states

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos34 Derive diffractive from ND pdf’s and color LHC Multigap and High Mass Exclusive Diffraction CDF2LHC Special low-lum run needed for low-  and JGJ

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos35 BACKUP

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos36 The First 20 Years KG, Phys. Rep. 101 (1983) 171 X POMERON: color singlet w/vacuum quantum numbers y 

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos37 Run-I A,B: Rapidity Gap Studies Forward Detectors BBC 3.2<  <5.9 FCAL 2.4<  <4.2

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos38 SD/ND Dijet Ratio vs x CDF <  < Flat  dependence

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos39 New: F D JJ (  ) from ZEUS- LPS Data Fit including charm data Fit without charm data ZEUS H1 M. Arneodo, HERA/LHC workshop, CERN, Oct 2004 Flat after subtracting Reggeon contribution

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos40  -dependence: Inclusive vs Dijets g =0.5 q =0.3 Pomeron dominated

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos41  SOFT DIFFRACTION Hard CDF  HARD DIFFRACTION Additional variables: (x, Q 2 )  dN/d   =  P L /P L  =fractional momentum loss of scattered (anti)proton Variables: ( , t) or ( , t) MXMX  =-ln  t dN/d  ln M X 2

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos42 Roman Pot tracking

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos43 Gap Survival Probability S = Results similar to predictions by: Gotsman-Levin-Maor Kaidalov-Khoze-Martin-Ryskin Soft color interactions

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos44 Soft Diffraction Summary  M 2 – scaling  Non-suppressed double-gap to single-gap ratios Experiment: Phenomenology:  Generalized renormalization  Obtain Pomeron intercept and tripe-Pomeron coupling from inclusive PDF’s and color factors

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos45 Diffractive dijets   =   all  towers)  E T e  ss  momentum loss fraction of pbar Approx. flat at  <0.1 const overlap events SD region MP energy scale: ±25% → Δ log ξ = ±0.1 RP acceptance (0.03< ξ < 0.1) ~ 80% (Run I)

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos46 Q 2 -dependence of SD/ND ratio  No appreciable Q 2 dependence within 100 < Q 2 < 10,000 GeV 2  Pomeron evolves similarly to proton

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos47  : RP vs calorimeter overlap events signal region  cal distribution for slice of  RP  from RP  cal = (0.94 ± 0.03)  RP  /mean ~ 30%

Aspen Feb Tevatron / LHC K. Goulianos48 CDF2LHC TOPICSTATUS  (Q 2, t) dependence of DSFclose to ready  Exclusive  c production close to ready  Low mass states in DPEneed good trigger  Exclusive b-bbar production in DPE need b-trigger   -dependence of DSFneed low lum run  Jet-gap-Jet w /jets in miniplugsneed low lum run