Cells Are Cool Jenna Chan Vicki Chu Vanessa Mejia Monique Urbnia

Cell Membrane It is a thin and structured bilayer of phospholipid and protein molecules that envelopes the cell. Signal Transduction Selectively Permeable Is a way to relay info about outside environment. It allows only certain objects in or out.

Cytoplasm It is a jelly-like material, made up of mostly water, that fills the cell. Most of the time, it is clear in color. The cytoplasm is cytosol and organelles, except the nucleus. Ribosomes The small cellular structure in which RNA translates the genetic code into proteins.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Endoplasmic Reticulum is a network of tubules, vesicles and sacs that are interconnected. Rough ER Smooth ER Rough ER is covered in ribosomes. It transports proteins Smooth ER lacks ribosomes. It transports lipids

Golgi Apparatus It functions as a central delivery system for the cell. They consist of a single membrane surrounding the liquid or solid contents. It acts a container. Vesicles (Vacuoles)

Mitochondria It provides the energy a cell needs to move, divide, produce secretory products, contract. Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles, and like the nucleus have a double membrane. The outer membrane is fairly smooth. But the inner membrane is highly convoluted, forming folds called cristae. The cristae greatly increase the inner membrane's surface area.

Lysosomes They are a liquid filled sac surrounded by a single membrane. They can either digest substances brought into the cell or they can digest parts of the cell itself. Peroxisomes They are a liquid filled sac surrounded by a single membrane. Peroxisomes break down fatty acids and amino acids.

Cilia The fine hairlike projections from certain cells that help to sweep away fluids and particles. It is the shorter one of the two. They are an extension of the plasma membrane responsible for movement. The only flagellated cell are sperm cells Flagella

CiliaFlagella

Nuclear Envelope The nuclear envelope refers to the double membrane of the nucleus that encloses genetic material in eukaryotic cells. Nuclear Pores Numerous nuclear pores are present on the nuclear envelope to facilitate and regulate the exchange of materials between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

Nucleus The cell nucleus is a remarkable organelle because it forms the package for our genes and their controlling factors. Nucleolus The nucleolus is a knot of chromatin. It is the nucleolus that manufactures ribosomes Chromatin Chromatin is that portion of the cell nucleus which contains all of the DNA of the nucleus in animal or plant cells.

Human Cloning PROS: Provides organs for transplants Huge scientific progress Treats illnesses Gay or celibate couples can have children CONS: Unethical experimentation Clones are unhealthy and have built in genetic defects Destroys human individuality/uniqueness Only one biological parent Unnatural