Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 The SXR Instrument The SXR is a instrument for Soft X-ray Materials Research on the LCLS  SXR is the second soft x-ray instrument at the LCLS  SXR is compatible with multiple techniques for studying materials with ultra short soft x-rays pulses  SXR spans both hutches 1 & 2 with the end station in Hutch 2  SXR compliments the AMO experiment Michael Rowen Project Engineer

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Science Pump-probe Ultrafast Surface ChemistryMagnetic Imaging Charge, spin and orbital order Dissociation ~ 1Å / 100 fs. Solution based ultrafast chemistry

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Scientific Drivers for SXR X-Ray Scattering Spectroscopy on Strongly Correlated Materials Pump-Probe Ultrafast Chemistry Magnetic Imaging Ultrafast Coherent Imaging

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Science Driven Requirements Soft X-ray Beam Line, 500*-2000eV: Monochromatic, E/  E of ~5000 Focused or unfocused beam at end station Switch between monochromatic and “white” beam without moving experimental system Open end station for interchangeable user systems Capabilities for fast, single shot, transmission spectroscopy * LCLS operations will be at photon energies >825eV in the near term.

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 SXR Beam Line Major Components: Monochromator Exit slit Focusing Optics No fixed end station Transmission sample chamber (up stream of mono) Spectrometer detector (insertable, at exit slit)

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 SXR Layout Basic AMO & SXR layout in hutches 1 & 2

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Grating Monochromator Varied Line Spacing (VLS) grating monochromator: 2 optical elements (vertically deflecting): spherical mirror, VLS plane grating Energy scan by rotation of grating Erect focal plane for spectrometer mode and fixed slit position. B 4 C coated optics Courtesy Phil Heimann

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Monochromator Layout M1 Mirror & GratingExit Slit Monochromator spans the first and second hutches

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Resolution vs Energy 100 l/mm grating At 800 eV  E = 0.19 eVAt 1200 eV  E = 0.23 eV Resolution goal of 0.2 eV at 1000 eV is achieved. 200 l/mm grating

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Optical tolerances  The figure tolerances are difficult because we need to preserve the brightness of a source 100  m in diameter and at a 100 m distance.  That accuracy has been achieved by two venders for the LCLS SOMS and HOMS mirrors.

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Grating efficiency Grating efficiency calculations with Gsolver by Phil Heimann. Grating frequen cy (1/mm) Groove depth (nm) Groove width (  m)

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Fourier optics simulations From Jacek Krzywinski  At the exit slit.  Assuming 2 nm rms figure error.

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Fourier optics simulations (cont.)  At the focus in end station.  Assuming 2 nm rms figure error. Y profile X profile

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Behind the focus (10 cm)  When the focus of the KB mirrors are not at the sample, there is more structure in the beam.  The peak intensity is still reduced, here by ~1/100.

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Pulse duration preservation Pulse stretching: N m = 40 fs at 826 eV (i.e. at high dispersion) An adjustable aperture near grating can be used to reduce pulse stretching with a decreased intensity and energy resolution. For dispersive measurements and white beam, LCLS pulse duration is unaffected.

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Focusing Optics K-B Optics: Silicon Substrates  Profiled mirrors bent to elliptical cylinders  Focus to <10x10  m  B 4 C coatings  Un-bend one or both mirrors for line or unfocused beam

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 K-B Refocusing Mirrors K-B Mirrors Focus End Station <10x10  m

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 ALS “standard” monochromator: 0.1  rad motion of pre-mirror and grating, Horizontal translation of chamber. Use ALS beamline mechanical designs ALS bendable mirror: Motorized leaf springs, Flange mounted. Plan to use existing mechanical designs with minimal modifications in the LCLS SXR Instrument.

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Optical Design Review 7/15/08 Committee Peter Stefan (SLAC) chair, Alistair MacDowell (ALS), Rolf Follath (BESSY) General comments “Overall, the review committee felt that the optical design presented is good, and will likely work. The assembled SXR design team has good experience in this area and a good ‘track record.’ Also, the damage issues seemed properly considered.” Specific recommendations Because of the as-coated density of B 4 C, the mirror incidence angles were changed 15 -> 14 mrad. The Fourier optics calculations were repeated with the correct orientation between the offset mirrors and the monochromator.

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Optical layout and table

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Spectrometer Mode Transmission Sample LocationSpectrometer Detector at Exit Slit

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Pump Laser System Replicate system from AMO Courtesy Greg Hays

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 SXR / AMO Interfaces AMO & SXR engineers are working closely to resolve all conflicts as the are identified.  Space is tracked  Systems checked for compatibility  Ideas and designs are shared (i.e. mostly stolen from AMO and LUSI)  Operational boundaries have been defined

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Space between instruments is closely tracked Minimize diameter SXR beam pipe Clears AMO instrumentation

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 AMO K-B optics and SXR Mono being designed by the same engineer Space for extension AMO into 2 nd Hutch Rack space is apportioned

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Operations Operations on the SXR beam line requires installation of the monochromator which is scheduled for installation winter shutdown ’09-‘10. Initial operational mode: No access to hutches with beam, i.e. no access to Hutch 1 when AMO is running. (July –Dec ‘09) Intermediate operational mode: No access to hutches with active experiments. Access to hutches with beam passing through. (as soon after start of SXR operations as possible, ~Mar ‘10) Final operational mode: Access to hutches with active soft x-ray experiments, Hutch 1 or Hutch 2. SXR is working with Radiation Physics on defining and building in the necessary shielding and controls for access soon after SXR operations start. Operations with samples in the transmission chamber (Hutch 1) for spectrograph mode will require additional approvals, testing and implementation of a shielding plan.

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Endstations NilssonHussein-Shen Chapman Stöhr 8 Endstations described in the TDR document

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Institutional Roles Institution Role Support level (k$) Stanford Initial support for conceptual design (TDR) Purchase long lead optical components Engineering and design 750 LBNL X-ray optical design and on going technical support Engineering and design of X-ray optical systems 380 DESY Provides hardware and support for assembly Technical expertise FEL instrumentation 1500 CFEL Provides hardware and support for assembly 300 LCLS Provides overall management structure, pays for installation and integration, will manage operations 1517 $4447k Total estimated cost:

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 SXR Status  The SXR scientific case has been reviewed by SAC.  Technical Design Report (TDR) has been written and accepted.  LCLS has reviewed the project for compatibility.  The X-ray optical design has been reviewed.  The base MoU is signed.  Integration of SXR into the LCLS construction project has started.  Proposals for Long lead optical components are coming in and the first contracts have been placed.

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 Status of MoU  The MoU between SLAC and DESY has been signed by DESY and SLAC.  The technical addendum defining contributions and roles of the members of the consortium is in final draft and should be completed by ??.

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 SXR Schedule SXR is just starting to be integrated into the LCLS schedule. These completion dates are the earliest possible dates. Expected final installations are in Dec ’09/Jan ’10.

Michael Rowen LCLS FAC November 12, 2008 SXR Instrument team  Anders Nilsson (Stanford) & Wilfried Wurth (Hamburg): consortium leaders  Phil Heimann & Nicholas Kelez (ALS): monochromator and KB optics  Yves Acremann (Stanford) & Alexander Foehlisch (Hamburg): diagnostics and with Bill White & Greg Hays (LCLS) laser beam delivery  Stefan Moeller (LCLS): LCLS contact  Gunther Haller, Perry Anthony, Dave Nelson (SLAC): controls  Amedeo Perazzo, Chris O’Grady & Remi Machet: data acquisition  Jacek Krzywinski (LCLS): fourier optics simulations  Regina Soufli (LLNL): optical coatings  Michael Rowen* (LCLS/SLAC) : overall beam line systems, budget, schedule, interfaces *Only full-time person.