ד"ר גלעד רביד gilad@ravid.org מבוא למערכות מידע ד"ר גלעד רביד gilad@ravid.org.

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Presentation transcript:

ד"ר גלעד רביד gilad@ravid.org מבוא למערכות מידע ד"ר גלעד רביד gilad@ravid.org

נושאי השיעור הכרות חזרה מהירה ידע ארגוני ומחסן נתונים

מי אני ? ד"ר גלעד רביד דרכי תקשורת שעות קבלה מיד לאחר השיעור עדיפות 1: gilad@ravid.org עדיפות 2: 052-5277220 עדיפות 3: 08-9731658 שעות קבלה מיד לאחר השיעור אתר הקורס http://hl.bgu.ac.il

מבוא והסברים על הקורס. סקירה – 40 שנות IT 21/6 נושא מצגת סטודנטים נושא שיעור/תאריך מבוא והסברים על הקורס. סקירה – 40 שנות IT 21/6 מערכות מידע לסוגיהן ותרומתן לארגון 28/6 חברת AKAMAI חומרה, תקשורת ואינטרט 5/7 חברת MICROSOFT תוכנה וניהול נתונים 12/7 הטמעת מערכת ERP בחברת NIBCO 26/7 ניהול ואיחסון ידע אירגוני, מחסן נתונים 30/8 Semantic web & xml סחר אלקטרוני ועסקים באינטרנט 6/9 Recommendation systems פיתוח מערכות מידע באירגון 13/9 UML יישום מערכות מידע באירגון 20/9 חתימה דיגיטלית והצפנות תחרותיות, מערכות לניהול קשרי לקוחות (CRM) ואינטרנט בעסקים 27/9 Supply Chain Management & RFID ארכיטקטורה של מערכות מידע, שילוב והטמעת מערכות ERP, Web servies EAI 11/10 מבחן

ספרות ומקורות זאב נוימן ומשה צבירן: מערכות מידע הלכה למעשה, הוצאת דיונון אוניברסיטת ת"א, 2001. Laudon & Laudon: Essentials of Management Information Systems (4th Edition), Prentice Hall, 2001. מאמרים אשר יוצבו באתר הקורס ב- HL http://misbook.yeda.info Google It !!!

המוטיבציות ידע הפך לנכס איתן יתרונות לשיתוף מידע מקסימאלי העובדים מתחלפים אך ערך העסק נשאר השבחת המבנה הפנימי והחיצוני יתרון תחרותי, הארגונים המובילים מאמצים זאת

יתרונות מערכות לניהול ידע הערכת השוק ליכולות ניהול ידע מתקדמות רווחים גדולים יותר מלקוחות קיימים יותר מכירות מוצלבות פחות קידום מכירות גידול ברווחים ניהול ידע טוב הקטנה בהוצאות קיטון בזמן החיפוש פתרון בעיות מהיר יותר הימנעות מכפילויות פחות מאמצים כפולים

התמקדות באדם או במכונה? Technology Centered Info. Technologists info. and comp. sciences, database, telecomm., analysis KM = objects explicit knowledge - easily encoded People Centered Org. Theorists org. behavior, group dynamics, HCI, psychology KM = process tacit knowledge - difficult to encode

The Knowledge Management Process - Perception to Action Hierarchy

Data Boundary with Perception Base upon which Knowledge is built Facts Abstractions Numbers Addresses Names

Information Context built upon data Aggregations Summaries Collections Trends Averages Statistics Narratives Anecdotes

Understanding Relationships and concepts that embody what is and what was. Cause and Effect History Current state Processes Corollaries

Knowhow The ability to predict what will happen The ability to cause something to happen Probabilities, scenarios, and possibilities Extrapolation and other predictive techniques Predictive models Expectations Innovations

Decision Choosing between alternatives Weighing and judging the risks, rewards, consequences and contingencies

Action The process of causing a result Planning Plotting Course In Course Correction Execution

Measurement Recording expected and actual outcomes The gaps between actual, expected, and ideal performance Includes intangibles like sponsorship, importance, elegance, and goodwill Evaluation of experience

Improvement Closing the gaps between actual, planned, and ideal outcomes Capitalizing on experience Training people Learning Organization Business processes Knowledge processes Culture and Policies

The knowledge process parallels and enables business processes Alignment with guiding principles, business drivers, and constraints ensures actions have real value

Knowledge is the human capacity (potential & actual ability) to take effective action in varied and uncertain situations.

Wisdom is a state of the human mind characterized by profound understanding and deep insight. It is often, but not necessarily, accompanied by extensive formal knowledge. Meeker, Joseph, “What is Wisdom”, LANDSCAPE, Vol. 25, No. 1, Jan 1981.

Knowledge can take many forms… Concepts, methodologies Facts, beliefs, truths & laws Know what, Know how, Know why Judgments & expectations, insights Relationships, leverage points Intuition & feelings Meaning and sense making

Good things about Knowledge The foundation of the enterprise Grows with use Increases when shared Primary source of value Only solution to understanding complexity

Bad things about Knowledge Usually exists in the minds of individuals Hidden in some forgotten report “Knowledge is Power” – encourages Knowledge Hoarding Leaves the organization with the employee

Levels of knowledge Transfer of knowledge Creation of knowledge competitiveness Creation of knowledge Strategic knowledge management competence + unique combination Information management actions + adapted implementation to specific context Strategic Knowledge based positioning Know-how + will to do knowledge + applied Culture of learning and motivation information + context, experiences expectations data + meaning symbols + syntax Training Operational management

שלוש הגדרות למידע הגדרה א': ערך המוסף העיקרי בפעילות כלכלית הגדרה א': ערך המוסף העיקרי בפעילות כלכלית הגדרה ב': הפחתה באי ודאות הגדרה ג': נתונים שעובדו כך שיש להם ערך בקבלת החלטות

- הטמעה וסינתזה של נתונים מה שביניהם נתונים - תצפית, עובדה או מספר ידע מידע היוצר ערך מידע - הטמעה וסינתזה של נתונים

הגדרת ניהול ידע ניהול ידע הוא היכולת ליצור,לתפוס, להשתמש, לעשות שימוש חוזר וליישם ידע לתהליכי חידוש שתוצאתם היא עמידה ביעדי הארגון

Definition of a Knowledge Worker “A knowledge worker is someone whose job entails having really interesting conversations at work.” David Weinberger

“The basic economic resource is no longer capital, nor natural resources, nor labor. It is and will be knowledge.” Peter Drucker

Intellectual Property Communities of Practice Teaming – Particularly Cross-Functional Teams Facilitation, Groupware, etc. Subject Matter Expert Identification and Use Knowledge Capture Processes Knowledge Brokering Lessons Learned, Best Practices, Proven Practice Use Knowledge Engineering, Taxonomies, Library Science, Mapping Strategic Planning Processes & Reengineering of Such When Appropriate Workflow, Data Warehousing, Secure Messaging Change Agent Incentives, Leadership, etc. Story Telling, Peer-to-Peer, Mentor Programs

Major Areas of Knowledge Management Capturing knowledge Storing knowledge Creating knowledge Distributing knowledge Sharing knowledge Using knowledge

Knowledge Technology (The hardware, software and the hype.) Knowledge repositories Neural systems Data-mining tools Contact software Intranets Extranets Water Cooler Technology

What does it take? 20% Right Technology 80% Cultural change Behavior of the leaders What type of learning is valued Informal structure of the company How are mistakes handled What is rewarded and what is punished How is information shared

זרימת הידע בארגון עיצוב תשתיות פיתוח דיון לכידה שיתוף קריאה איגוד

Tacit Knowledge and Explicit Knowledge Explicit knowledge is the information contained in documents, methodologies, experts and other sources, when it is retrieved in a context Tacit knowledge is the context that makes explicit knowledge relevant to a user in a role, by relating that explicit knowledge to a user’s mission or career agenda, including goals, actions, processes and options.

Tacit Knowledge and Explicit Knowledge (..cont.) Contributes to efficiency Explicit Easier to replicate Leads to competency Hard to articulate Hard to steal Tacit Hard to transfer High competitive advantage

Transformation of knowledge … from tacit to explicit… Socialisation: Sharing experience Externalisation: Codification documentation tacit Combination: Creation of New knowledge Internalisation: Individual use of experience explicit

Transformation of knowledge The knowledge creation spiral Externalisation Socialisation Internalisation Combination