PETRONAS TWIN TOWER, KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA -COBRA TEAM- Project Manager: Wan MHW Ismail Team Members: Aernie Othman Aiza Farina Ainan Marzuki Ikhwan Mdtab

KUALA LUMPUR CITY CENTER, (KLCC) MALAYSIA 1) Petronas Twin Tower 2) Concert Hall 3) Suria KLCC Retail Complex 4) Maxis Tower 5) Esso Tower 6) Mandarin Oriental Hotel 7) KLCC Park 8) Mosque

A world landmark in Malaysia Number of storeys: 88 Height: 1,483 feet above street level Built-up Area: 3.7 million sq. feet Design/Architecture: Cesar Pelli, in association with KLCC architects Elevators: 29 double-deck high speed passenger lifts in each tower

Main Contractor: Hazama Corporation Planning Manager: Arlida Ariff Owner : KLCC Holdings Architects : Cesar Pelli & Associates, Inc Adamson Associates Architects RSP Architects Planners & Engineers Main Contractor: Hazama Corporation Planning Manager: Arlida Ariff Project Managers: Hashimah Hashim (Tower 1) M.Hilme Hassan (Tower 2)

COST Total Costs of towers : $ 1.6 billions Planning cost : 5 -7 % total costs Everyday costs: $ 0.8 millions Each floor construction costs: $ 2.6 M

TIME March 93 - Excavation work for the foundation began. March 94 - Construction began for Tower One. April 94 - Construction began for Tower Two. 7 Aug 95 - The lifting of the skybridge started. 10 Aug 95 - The skybridge was finally in place. 13 Feb 96 – Pinnacles Construction began. 5 Mar 96 – Pinnacle installation completed for Tower 2 11 Mar 96 - Pinnacle installation completed for Tower 1 June 96 - Cladding was completed. April 96 - Declared as the world's tallest building. 31 Aug 99 - Official opening by Prime Minister.

SCOPE Goal: To be a challenge of the century and to make Malaysia be recognized worldwide Foundation Tower building Annex Cladding Pinnacle

FOUNDATION Buildings anchored in 55 m of soil for tower basement Friction piles reinforced by grout Excavated using combined technique of piling and raft foundation Bored hole was cleaned and keep intact using water Concrete was poured to eliminate joints and to get smooth finish

TOWER BUILDING Two separate construction teams -> competition First to use GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) Built by concrete instead of conventional steel 1000 people worked on each tower (3 shifts) Floors up to 73rd  Identical & easiest 4 days to built each floor (Normal – 10 days) TOWER 1 Led by Japan  Hazama Corporation Started on March 1994 (25 months & 1 week) TOWER 2 Led by Korea  Samsung Engineering Co. Started on April 1994 (24 months)

ANNEX Annex construction began after level 19 (the smaller part attached to the main tower or a bustle) Build later due to difference in weight with the main tower Precision ~ 0.001 mm 10 levels below was checked with every floor completed to make sure how straight the building was

CLADDING Began as the building reached level 9 Materials used- stainless steel extrusion & laminated glass 33000 panels- designed as a curtain wall exterior Features of the curtain give appearance of a flowing silver ribbon around the building Constructed using 4-day cycle system

PINNACLE 73.5 m high (steel) - The world’s tallest building Tower 1 - building the pinnacle from both ends, the pinnacle meet halfway Tower 2 - assembled the pinnacle piece by piece until it was completed Constructed simultaneously, Tower Two completed the pinnacle six days earlier

CHALLENGES Original site plan soil not suitable for foundation – irregularities of the Limestone Bedrock Leaning tower – based on rumors Original design was 16 m short than Sears Tower – add pinnacles Completed within the budgeted cost and time scheduled

References http://www.klcc.com.my/Showcase/PTT/ps_ptt_overview.htm http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Petronas_Towers.html http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/cx/?id=100172 http://www.skyscraperpicture.com/kualalumpur.htm http://www.structurae.net/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0000053