Can you explain: Controls Treatments Replicates How would you use each is designing an experiment?

About yeast… Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Fungi, Phylum Ascomycota Heterotrophic decomposers: secrete enzymes to absorb products of digestion. Respire both in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. (what is another phrase that describes this?)

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Processes that release and supply energy in all living organisms Convert energy stored in food into useful forms. Complementary process with photosynthesis. PhotosynthesisRespiration CO 2 O2O2 ATP Courtesy: Karthik Ramaswamy

Aerobic conditions e - on carrier molecules Anaerobic conditions Electron Transport Chain Kreb’s Cycle Glycolysis Fermentation 2 pyruvates Glucose Courtesy : Bethany Williams

Cellular respiration Molecular oxygen is final electron acceptor Involves mitochondria Includes Kreb’s and ETC Fermentation No oxygen used Occurs completely in cytoplasm Glycolysis is same, but no Kreb’s or ETC C 6 H 12 O 6 ---> 6 CO H 2 O + 38 ATP (glucose yields carbon dioxide, water, and ENERGY) C 6 H 12 O 6 ---> 2 CH 3 CH 2 OH + 2 CO ATP (glucose yields ethanol, carbon dioxide, and energy) Courtesy: Karthik Ramaswamy

Fermentation Sugar + yeast > Ethanol + CO 2 + Energy Rate of fermentation may be affected by: –Type of substrate –Concentration of ethanol –Temperature –pH Courtesy: Karthik Ramaswamy