SLIDE 1IS 257 – Fall 2007 Codes and Rules for Description: History University of California, Berkeley School of Information IS 245: Organization of Information In Collections

SLIDE 2IS 257 – Fall 2007 Lecture Contents Review –Controlled Vocabularies –Metadata as Infrastructure Introduction to Description – Codes and Rules Discussion

SLIDE 3IS 257 – Fall 2007 Controlled Vocabularies Vocabulary control is the attempt to provide a standardized and consistent set of terms (such as subject headings, names, classifications, etc.) with the intent of aiding the searcher in finding information That is, it is an attempt to provide a consistent set of descriptions for use in (or as) metadata

SLIDE 4IS 257 – Fall 2007 Goethe …etc…

SLIDE 5IS 257 – Fall 2007 John Muir

SLIDE 6IS 257 – Fall 2007 Pauline Cochrane nee Atherton

SLIDE 7IS 257 – Fall 2007 Pauline Cochrane nee Atherton

SLIDE 8IS 257 – Fall 2007 Metadata as Infrastructure The difference between memorization and understanding lies in knowing the context and relationships of whatever is of interest. When setting out to learn about a new topic, a well-tested practice is to follow the traditional “5Ws and the H”: Who?, What?, When?, Where?, Why?, and How?

SLIDE 9IS 257 – Fall 2007 Metadata as Infrastructure The reference collections of paper-based libraries provide a structured environment for resources, with encyclopedias and subject catalogs, gazetteers, chronologies, and biographical dictionaries, offering direct support for at least What, Where, When, and Who. The digital environment does not yet provide an effective, and easily exploited, infrastructure comparable to the traditional reference library.

SLIDE 10IS 257 – Fall 2007 Linking vocabularies WHAT, WHERE, WHEN Library subject headings Topic – Geographic subdivision – Chronological subdivision Place name gazetteer: Place name – Type – Spatial markers (Lat & long) – When Time Period Directory Period name – Type – Time markers (Calendar) – WhereC Connecting Metadata Systems

SLIDE 11IS 257 – Fall 2007 Time period directories link via the place (or time) Texts Numeric datasets Thesaurus/ Ontology GazetteerscaptionsMaps/ Geo Data EVI Time Period Directory Time lines, Chronologies

SLIDE 12IS 257 – Fall 2007 WHEN: Time Period Directory Timeline Link to Catalog Link to Wikipedia

SLIDE 13IS 257 – Fall 2007 WHO: Biographical Dictionary Complex relationships Life events metadata WHAT: Actions prisoner WHERE: Places Holstein WHEN: Times WHO: People Margaret Sambiria Need external links

SLIDE 14IS 257 – Fall 2007 Any document, object, or performance Any resource: Audio, Images, Texts, Numeric data, Objects, Virtual reality, Webpages Any catalog: Archives, Libraries, Museums, TV, Publishers Connect it with its context – and other resources. Facet Vocabulary Displays WHAT Thesaurus Cross- e.g. LCSH references WHERE Gazetteer Map WHEN Period directory Timeline WHO Biograph. dict. Personal e.g. Who’s Who relations

SLIDE 15IS 257 – Fall 2007 Demo of search interface

SLIDE 16IS 257 – Fall 2007 Entry Vocabulary Index suggests correct LCSH with different spelling

SLIDE 17IS 257 – Fall 2007 Related places

SLIDE 18IS 257 – Fall 2007 Potentially related people

SLIDE 19IS 257 – Fall 2007 Potentially related periods

SLIDE 20IS 257 – Fall 2007 Mostly in India 16 th - 18 th century

SLIDE 21IS 257 – Fall 2007 Find out more about this area.

SLIDE 22IS 257 – Fall 2007 Different Browsing Options!

SLIDE 23IS 257 – Fall 2007 Zooming in to South Asia Restricting time frame Select

SLIDE 24IS 257 – Fall 2007 More information about the country of India…

SLIDE 25IS 257 – Fall 2007 More information about the country of India… Wikipedia CIA Factbook BBCEthnologue Berkeley Natural History Museums

SLIDE 26IS 257 – Fall 2007 Historical events – linked to Library catalog & Wikipedia : none avail. for this time period

SLIDE 27IS 257 – Fall 2007 ECAI Cultural Atlases: presenting history in its geographical & chronological contexts

SLIDE 28IS 257 – Fall 2007 Today History of Cataloging Codes Other Metadata systems Bibliographic information Bibliographic records

SLIDE 29IS 257 – Fall 2007 Cataloging Codes Why have codes? Definition: –A catalogue code is a systematic arrangement of laws and stututes so as to avoid inconsistency and duplication in catalogues. (Rowley, p. 105)

SLIDE 30IS 257 – Fall 2007 History of Cataloging Codes Early Library Organization Methods British Museum Rules (Panizzi’s 91 rules,1841) Cutter’s Rules for a Dictionary Catalog (1876) Prussian Instructions (1898) Anglo-American Code (1908) ALA Code (1949) Library of Congress Rules (1949) AACR (1967) Lubetsky’s revision AACR II (1978 revised 1988 and 1998) Vis. Rowley, Chap 8

SLIDE 31IS 257 – Fall 2007 Bibliographic Information Describes documents What is a document (revisited)? Choice of descriptive elements and content of those elements typically governed by a set of rules: –AACR II Elements coded in standard ways for transmission. –MARC

SLIDE 32IS 257 – Fall 2007 Goals of Descriptive Cataloging 1. To enable a person to find a document of which –the author, or –the title, or –the subject is known 2. To show what a library has –by a given author –on a given subject (and related subjects) –in a given kind (or form) of literature. 3. To assist in the choice of a document –as to its edition (bibliographically) –as to its character (literary or topical) Charles A. Cutter, 1876

SLIDE 33IS 257 – Fall 2007 Rules for Descriptive Cataloging ISBD AACR AACR II

SLIDE 34IS 257 – Fall 2007 AACRII Sources of Information ISBD areas Choice of Access Points

SLIDE 35IS 257 – Fall 2007 Sources of Information Each different type of material has a preferred location for deriving information about it. –Books and printed material Title page –Cartographic Materials (Maps, globes, etc) The map itself, or containers, stands, etc. –Sound recordings Disc label, cassette label, etc.

SLIDE 36IS 257 – Fall 2007 ISBD Areas Title and Statement of Responsibility Edition Material or type of publication specification Publication, Distribution (etc.) Physical Description Series Notes Standard Numbers

SLIDE 37IS 257 – Fall 2007 ISBD Punctuation Title Proper (GMD) = Parallel title : other title info / First statement of responsibility ; others. -- Edition information. -- Material. -- Place of Publication : Publisher Name, Date. -- Material designation and extent ; Dimensions of item. -- (Title of Series / Statement of responsibility). -- Notes. -- Standard numbers: terms of availability (qualifications).

SLIDE 38IS 257 – Fall 2007 Bibliographic Record Introduction to cataloging and classification / Bohdan S. Wynar. -- 8th ed. / Arlene G. Taylor. -- Englewood, Colo. : Libraries Unlimited, (Library science text series).

SLIDE 39IS 257 – Fall 2007 Choice of Access Points Title(s) (Always main title) Main Entry?? Added Entries Series Titles Identifying Numbers

SLIDE 40IS 257 – Fall 2007 Next Time More on bibliographic description and rules

SLIDE 41IS 257 – Fall 2007 Assignment (Due Thursday) Describe the Svenonius book using the 15 Dublin Core elements Describe the book using ISBD

SLIDE 42IS 257 – Fall 2007 Dublin Core Elements Title Creator Subject Description Publisher Other Contributors Date Resource Type Format Resource Identifier Source Language Relation Coverage Rights Management