This is a template – not even a 1 st draft. Each research page requires input from the faculty listed. Formatting, choice of figures, etc., also are still required. 27 October 2004

Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics University of California, Irvine 29 October 2004

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 3 Overview Recently there have been tremendous advances in our understanding of the universe. We are on the threshold of a golden age in cosmology. The recent progress has answered important questions, but it also highlights many fundamental outstanding problems. These include the identities of dark matter and dark energy, the structure and formation of galaxies, and the origin and future of the universe. At UC Irvine, these questions are being explored by researchers in many subfields at the interface of cosmology and particle physics. The breadth and depth of effort makes UC Irvine ideally suited to address the most pressing problems, many of which require complementary exploration at the smallest and largest length scales.

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 4 Overview (cont’d) UC Irvine researchers lead many major international collaborations, including neutrino experiments (superK, K2K, ???), next generation telescopes (TMT), particle colliders (LHC, ILC), and cosmic ray experiments (AMANDA, IceCube?, ANITA, Milagro). Researchers benefit from University of California access to the most powerful telescopes in the world. (include names? Keck,…). In all, 24 faculty work in cosmology, astrophysics, and particle physics at UC Irvine. All relevant research is carried out in Reines Hall in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. This unified organization supports unusually strong interactions and collaborations between cosmologists and particle physicists, a strong and distinguishing characteristic of the UC Irvine research program.

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 5 UC Irvine’s Investment UC Irvine has a long tradition of strong support for research in astroparticle physics, beginning with the pioneering work of Frederick Reines, recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the neutrino. In the last 3 years, UC Irvine has undertaken a concerted and strategic expansion in the fields of cosmology and astroparticle physics. The investment of positions and funding are unmatched by any other institution worldwide. In 2001 UCI hired 5 new faculty members in cosmology and particle physics. 4 have already won the most prestigious grants awarded to junior faculty by the NSF, NASA, and the Department of Energy. In 2004 UCI hired an additional 5 faculty researchers in theoretical and observational cosmology. The 10 new faculty positions have been supported by UC Irvine setup grants in excess of $3 million.

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 6 Research Recent progress in both cosmology and particle physics has transformed our understanding of the contents of the Universe. Current limits imply that the Universe is made from the following components: Neutrinos: 0.04 – 0.7% ?? Baryons: 4% Dark Matter: 23% Dark Energy: 73% At the same time, detailed descriptions of neutrino and baryon properties are missing, and the microscopic identities of dark matter and dark energy remain complete mysteries. Fundamental progress will almost certainly require cosmological observations combined with particle physics experiments, all unified by theoretical insights from both fields. Research at UC Irvine concerns all of these components of the Universe. A brief overview of topics and key questions is given in the following slides.

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 7 Neutrino (  How much of the mass in the universe is in neutrinos? Fred Reines (UCI) won the Nobel prize in 1995 for the discovery of the neutrino (predicted to exist by Wolfgang Pauli). In 1998, Super-Kamiokande (SK) experiment in Japan discovered that neutrinos have mass. Dave Casper and Henry Sobel (one of the 5 SK Executive Committee members) at UCI were part of this team. SK [and the K2K experiments (Casper and Sobel are part of both teams)] tell us that neutrinos weigh more than about grams. Neutrinos distort the Cosmic Microwave Background fluctuations and affect the way structure grows (to become, for example, galaxies) in our Universe. Current cosmological observations show that neutrinos weigh less than about grams. Future cosmological observations in tandem with terrestrial experiments can measure the neutrino mass, which was shown by Manoj Kaplinghat (UCI). This will have deep implications for Particle Physics theories.

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 8 Neutrinos II What can neutrino messengers tell us about the cosmos? AMANDA, ANITA – probes of astrophysical environments Barwick, Yodh

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 9 Baryons I The Universe initially contained equal amounts of matter and antimatter, but today contains essentially no antimatter (otherwise we wouldn’t be here!) What happened? UCI is seeking answers with a comprehensive program of particle-physics experiments: –Antiparticles are not exact mirror images of particles. The BABAR (Lankford, Kirkby, Mandelkern) and Super-K (Casper, Sobel) experiments probe the origins of this asymmetry. –The missing antimatter is one of the strongest clues that: The Standard Model of particle physics is incomplete. The MECO (Molzon), BABAR, and Super-K experiments search for physics beyond the Standard Model. A muon neutrino reconstructed in the Super-K detector matter-antimatter asymmetry

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 10 Baryons II How do baryons form into stars, galaxies, and black holes? Understanding the evolution of the universe's baryonic matter, from the primordial gas following the Big Bang to the rich variety of structure around us today, is one of the great challenges of modern cosmology. Research topics at UC Irvine include: –The growth and evolution of galaxies and galaxy clusters –Searches for the most distant galaxies –The role of massive black holes in galaxy evolution –Dwarf galaxies as probes of galaxy formation histories –The origin and dispersal of heavy elements in galaxies UC Irvine faculty pursue this research using theory, numerical simulations, and observations from the world's most powerful telescopes, including the Keck Observatory. Faculty involved in this work include Barth, Barton, Benford, Bullock, Buote, Chanan, Smecker-Hane, Trimble.

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 11 Dark Matter I What is dark matter? The microscopic nature of the particles that make up dark matter is a subject of intense research on both the experimental and theoretical fronts. Experimentalists will attempt to produce dark matter particles at future colliders like the LHC and ILC. Dr. Lankford is one of the leaders in the LHC project, which will start taking data within the next few years. Drs. Feng, Kaplinghat and Rajaraman explore theoretical models of dark matter and their experimental implications, especially for collider experiments and for cosmological measurements like the cosmic microwave background. They have also proposed startling new models for dark matter, with surprising new experimental signatures.

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 12 Dark Matter II What is the distribution of dark matter in the universe? Halo profiles Buote, Bullock

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 13 Dark Energy I What are the properties of dark energy? Dark energy is a mystery. Many different lines of argument show that about 70% of the Universe is filled with a new form of energy which causes the expansion of the Universe to accelerate. Cosmologists are and will be tackling this problem with several independent methods. Important questions such as “how did dark energy evolve with time?” will require both theoretical and observational input to answer. Cosmic Microwave Background (theorists at UCI studying this include Asantha Cooray and Manoj Kaplinghat) and Large Scale Structure (James Bullock) will be (along with distant Supernovae) the tools for learning more about dark energy in the future. Asantha Cooray (UCI) and collaborators have proposed a new technique to measure properties of dark energy using observations of Large Scale Structure.

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 14 Dark Energy II What is the microscopic explanation of dark energy? Cosmological constant problem, Quantum gravity, structure of spacetime Rajaraman, Hamber, Bander, Newman

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 15 Major Research Initiatives: The Thirty Meter Telescope The University of California is one of the 4 partners in development of the Thirty Meter Telescope, with first observations anticipated for The TMT will be the most powerful and sensitive optical telescope ever– an order-of-magnitude leap over current observational capabilities. –UCI is a key participant in TMT design and development (G. Chanan) Future research using the TMT will keep UCI at the forefront of observational astrophysics and cosmology for decades. Key topics: –Detection and study of “first light” objects in the Universe: the first generation of primordial stars, galaxies, and black holes –Observations of galaxy evolution at high redshifts to learn how massive galaxies like the Milky Way were assembled

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 16 Major Research Initiatives: San Jacinto National Underground Science Lab San Jacinto Underground Lab will be a premier international site for fundamental physics experiments requiring shielding from cosmic rays List key science projects relevant to cosmology... Southern California location a short drive from UC Irvine Current status?? UCI participation led by H. Sobel

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 17 Summary This is an exciting time for studying the Universe. List of topics. Founded on a strong tradition and rapidly expanding, research at UCI has unusual breadth and depth, making it ideally suited to explore fundamental outstanding problems at the interface of cosmology and particle physics.

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 18 Supplementary Information Research in the fields of cosmology and particle physics is carried out by 24 faculty members, 6 research scientists, and numerous postdoctoral scholars, graduate students, and visitors. The Department of Physics and Astronomy at UCI is part of the School of Physical Sciences, founded in 1962 by Frederick Reines, winner of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the neutrino.

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 19 Faculty Myron Bander, Ph.D. Columbia University 1962, theoretical particle physics; Sloan Fellowship, 1962; APS Fellow, 1980 Aaron Barth,, Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley 1998, observational astrophysics; Hubble Fellowship, 2001 Elizabeth Barton, Ph.D. Harvard University 1999, observational astronomy and astrophysics; Hubble Fellowship, 2001 Steve Barwick, Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley 1986, experimental particle astrophysics; NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award, 1992; co-spokesman, Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA); Antarctic Impulse Transient Antenna (ANITA); IceCube Greg Benford, Ph.D. University of California, San Diego 1967, astrophysics and plasma physics; Lord Foundation Award in Science, 1995 James Bullock, Ph.D. University of California, Santa Cruz 1999, theoretical astrophysics and cosmology; Hubble Fellowship, 2001 David Buote, Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1995, observational astrophysics; Chandra Fellowship, 1998; NASA LTSA Award, 2002? David Casper, Ph.D. University of Michigan 1992?, experimental particle physics; AAS Bruno Rossi Prize, 1989, SuperKamiokande, K2K, and T2K experiments Gary Chanan, Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley 1978, experimental astrophysics; Sloan Fellowship, 1982; position?, Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) Asantha Cooray, Ph.D. University of Chicago 2001, theoretical astrophysics and cosmology; Sherman Fairchild Senior Research Fellowship, 2001 Jonathan Feng, Ph.D. Stanford University 1995, theoretical particle physics and cosmology; Michelson Physics Prize, 2001; NSF CAREER Award, 2003; Sloan Fellowship, 2004 Herbert Hamber, Ph.D. University of California, Santa Barbara 1980, theoretical particle physics; Fulbright Fellowship, 1977; CERN Fellowship, 1994

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 20 Faculty (cont’d) Manoj Kaplinghat, Ph.D. Ohio State University 1999, theoretical cosmology David Kirkby, Ph.D. California Institute of Technology 1995, experimental particle physics; DOE Outstanding Junior Investigator Award, 2002; Sloan Fellowship, 2002; BABAR experiment Andy Lankford, Ph.D. Yale University 1978, experimental particle physics; position?, ATLAS Collaboration, Large Hadron Collider Mark Mandelkern, Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley 1967, experimental particle physics; BABAR experiment Bill Molzon, Ph.D. University of Chicago 1979, experimental particle physics; DOE Outstanding Investigator Award, 1985; Sloan Fellowship, 1985; APS Fellow, 1995; spokesperson, Muon to Electron Conversion experiment (MECO) Riley Newman, Ph.D. University of California, Berkeley 1966, experimental gravitational physics; Sloan Fellowship, 1970; APS Fellow, 1999 Arvind Rajaraman, Ph.D. Stanford University 1998, theoretical particle physics and cosmology Steve Ruden, Ph.D. University of California, Santa Cruz 1986, theoretical astrophysics; NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award, 1990 Tammy Smecker-Hane, Ph.D. Johns Hopkins University 1993, observational astrophysics Hank Sobel, Ph.D. Case Institute of Technology 1968, experimental astroparticle physics; APS Fellow, 1998; AAS Bruno Rossi Prize, 1989; co-spokesman, SuperKamiokande; K2K; T2K Virginia Trimble, Ph.D. California Institute of Technology 1968, theoretical astronomy, Sloan Fellowship, 1972; AAAS Fellow, 1982; APS Fellow, 1988 Gaurang Yodh, Ph.D. University of Chicago 1955, experimental particle astrophysics; APS Fellow, 1968; AAAS Fellow, 1995; Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA); Milagro

Supplementary Information for Chancellor Cicerone

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 22 Faculty Distinctions Bander Barwick Benford Chanan Cooray Hamber Lankford Mandelkern Molzon Newman Ruden Sobel Trimble Yodh

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 23 Faculty Distinctions (cont’d) Since 2001: David Buote, observational astrophysics, LTSA NASA Award David Casper, experimental neutrino physics, DOE Outstanding Junior Investigator Award Jonathan Feng, astroparticle and cosmology theory, NSF CAREER Award, Sloan Fellowship David Kirkby, particle and astroparticle experiment, DOE Outstanding Junior Investigator Award, Sloan Fellowship Arvind Rajaraman, particle theory and string theory Since 2004: Aaron Barth, etc.... Elizabeth Barton James Bullock Asantha Cooray Manoj Kaplinghat

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27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 25 Supplementary Information

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 26 Future Initiatives ?? Mention some? Director Postdocs Projects

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 27 Baryons II How do baryons form into stars and galaxies? Galaxy formation Missing baryons (?) Barton, Barth, Smecker-Hane, Chanan, Benford, Trimble

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 28 Dark Energy I What are the properties of dark energy? CMB Cooray, Kaplinghat

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 29 Neutrinos I What fraction of the mass of the universe is in neutrinos? superK, K2K – neutrino masses and mixings CMB – cosmological bounds Sobel, Casper, Kaplinghat, Cooray

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 30 Baryons I Why are there more baryons than anti-baryons? Baryogenesis – BaBar Leptogenesis – MECO, neutrinos Lankford, Kirkby, Mandelkern, Molzon, Sobel, Casper

27 October 2004Center for Cosmology and Astroparticle PhysicsUC Irvine 31 Dark Matter I What is dark matter? Self-annihilating dark matter, dark matter from extra dimensions and supersymmetry Production at LHC, ILC Kaplinghat, Feng, Rajaraman, Lankford