Agenda  Bingo -- Introductions  Course Overview  Break  The Nature and Scope of Anthropology  Core Concepts  holism  ethnology and ethnography  Ethnocentrism vs cultural relativism  Emic versus emic  Value of Anthropology  Break  The Concept of Culture  Fieldwork

WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY? © Boise State u. Dept. of anthropology

From the Greek  `anthropo' human beings',  `logos' originally meaning word, reason, speech or account and later doctrine, theory or science.  Literally then, Anthropology is the science of the nature of Human beings.

Oxford English Dictionary `The science of the nature of man embracing human physiology and psychology and their mutual bearing'. Websters `the study of Man, the study of body and mind in their interrelationships'

ANTHROPOLOGY PhysicalArchaeologyAnthropological Linguistics Social/ Cultural Paleoanthropology Primatology Human Genetics Demography Growth & Development Osteology (Forensic) Prehistoric Historical Contract Historical Descriptive Sociolinguistics ethnolinguistics Economic Kinship Medical Psychological Urban Applied Gender Political Religion Cultural

Look through the magazines and find three research project that would be of interest to an anthropologist?

What makes social/cultural anthropology different from sociology or psychology, history etc.? “A Science is a systematic or orderly way of thinking about a particular subject matter” R.G. Collingwood

Anthropology Departments around the world 2004 S. Africa 11 Chile1 Germany9 Egypt 3Argentina6 Greece3 Kenya 1Bolivia2 Hungary1 Namibia 1 Brazil2. Ireland 1 Nigeria 2Columbia1 Italy 2 Zimbabwe 1Mexico2 Netherlands 3 Panama1 Norway 2 USA323Uruguay1 Poland3 Canada 33Russia8 Austria 1Spain8 Australia11Belgium 2Sweden4 New Zealand 5Bulgaria 1Switzerland6 Hong Kong 1 Czech Rep 1Ukrane2 Japan1 Denmark 3UK26 Pakistan1 Finland 4 Israel1 France11 N.Am 356Oceania16Asia 4 Europe 101Africa 19S. Am.16

© Gary Larson

What are the aims and purposes of anthropology? What value does anthropology have?

What is this ad saying?

What is anthropology’s holistic approach? What is the difference between emic and etic? Core Concepts What is the difference between ethnography and ethnology?

The practice of regarding one’s own cultural group as the centre of everything and scaling and relating all others with reference to it. Ethnocentrism

The perspective that beliefs and practices of any society can only be judged by the values and standards prevalent in that society. Cultural Relativism

Female Infanticide Gay Marriages Female Circumcision (FGM) Suicide Bombings Cannibalism What’s your opinion on each of the following?

Holistically Objectively Relativistically Comparatively Interdisciplinary Focus on Ethnography Emically Methodologically and theoretically diverse Anthropological Perspectives Unification Church mass wedding ceremony, Madison Square Garden, NY Thousands of brides met their grooms for the first time at the ceremony.

– basic propositions about human nature and motivation, and about the nature of society and culture which guide the inquiry. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY – the process of observing and producing published descriptions of societies, in whole or in part ETHNOGRAPHY: METHOD: – how the ethnographer selects and treats the data of observation THEORY:

Deduction

Induction

1. I know Joe is a terrible cook, because I've eaten at his house three times and each time the food has been awful. 2. Francois was French, so like all Frenchmen, we knew he would enjoy fine dining. Induction or Deduction?

Deductive Methodology Theories Observations Inductive Methodology Logical Deduction Hypotheses Interpretations Patterns Hypotheses Generalizations

Meaning and Interpretation

Mandan Rain dance George Catlin Manifest and latent Functions

Intended versus unintended consequences Martin Luther

Ego's cross cousins (in yellow) are distinguished from his parallel cousins (in green) as the children of opposite and same sexed parental siblings, respectively. In many societies the ideal is to marry one’s cross cousin, as he/she will belong to a different lineage (for alliance purposes), or parallel cousin, as the cousin will be in the same lineage (for inheritance purposes). Although the ideal, in actuality only 10% of marriages will be of the ideal type. The Ideal versus the Actual

1.Define anthropology 2.What is the four-field approach? 3.What is the difference between anthropology and sociology? 4.What is the difference between ethnology and ethnography? 5.What are five areas of specialization in cultural anthropology 6.What is anthropology’s holistic approach? 7.What is the difference between emic and etic? 8.What is the difference between ethnocentrism and cultural relativism? 9.What is the value of anthropology? Summary