Dawn Wright and Emily Larkin Davey Jones Locker Lab Department of Geosciences Oregon State University, USA GIS Benthic Terrain Workshop

Schedule - Day 1, Mon 8:30-9:30 - Dawn - Intro 9:30-10:00 – Break - Technical Setup 10:00-12:00 – Emily/Dawn - Module 1: Exploring the Reefs –all modules include intro lecture, then hands-on work 12:00-1:00 – Lunch 1:30-2:30 – Dawn – Seafloor mapping techniques and GIS analysis 2:30-4:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 2: Benthic Classifications

Schedule - Day 2, Tues 8:30-10:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 3: Spatial and 3D Analyst w/Bathymetry Data (including hypothetical MPA) 10:30-11:00 – Dawn – Benthic Terrain Modeler (BTM) tool 11:00-12:00 – Emily – American Samoa Benthic Terrain Viewer (ASBTV) and AS Bibliographic Tool 12:00-1:00 – Lunch 1:30 –2:00 – Wrapup, final question/discussion period

Tuesday, 2:30 American Samoa GIS User Group Meeting DOC Conference Room, Pago Pago

Graphics courtesy of Joe Breman, ESRI and NOAA Biogeography Program Fisheries Conservation Value Kelp Resilience? Sediments Bathymetry Shoreline Options/Decisions Non-consumptive Recreational Activities GIS: A Spatial Context Integrating Many Parts to See the Whole

Spatial Reasoning PlanningPlanning AnalyzingAnalyzing ThinkingThinking MeasuringMeasuring DecidingDeciding Science Graphics courtesy of ESRI

From Spatial Reasoning to Policy & Management From Wright and Halpin, in press, 2004, Spatial reasoning for terra incognita: Grand challenges and progress of marine GIS, in Wright, D.J. and Scholz, D.J. (eds.), Place Matters: Geospatial Tools for Marine Science, Conservation, and Management in the Pacific Northwest, Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press. Halpin, AAAS, 2004

GIS: A Spatial Context Seeing the Whole to Manage Places Seeing the Whole Managing Places Estuaries Fisheries Marine Protected Areas Coastal Communities Patterns Linkages Trends Graphics courtesy of ESRI

Santa Rosa Island Santa Cruz Island Anacapa I. State Boundary Sanctuary Boundary Oregonian Bioregion Transition Zone Californian Bioregion Santa Barbara Island Point Conception Santa Barbara Area of Detail Effective April 9, 2003 San Miguel I. From Airame, S., in press, 2004, Channel Islands Marine Sanctuary: Advancing the science and policy of marine protected areas, in Wright, D.J. and Scholz, D.J. (eds.), Place Matters: Geospatial Tools for Marine Science, Conservation, and Management in the Pacific Northwest, Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press.

Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA GIS Survey Station DatabaseSurvey Catch Database Weighted model Station data Catch data Spatial Analyst (Kriging) Stations with Fish Biodiversity Index (Shannon-Weaver) Maturity Analysis Juvenile Length Analysis One to Many Table Join Continued SeaWiFS Satellite Imagery of Chlorophyll High 1° Production Raster 1°Production Raster Calculator Analysis Remote Sensing Data Catch & Station Data Biodiversity Analysis Biodiversity Raster Spawning Aggregation Spatial Analyst (Kriging) Spawning Raster Nursery Areas Nursery Raster Spatial Analyst (Kriging) Ocean Current data Oceanographic Database Drift Buoy Analysis Source & Sink Areas Source/Sink Raster Important Biological Areas Raster Spatial Analyst (Kriging) By OrSt grad student Chad Keith

Flowchart of Parameters in Potential MPA GIS Potential MPA’s Commercial Catch data Commercial Database Commercial Effort & Revenue Analysis Commercial Port & Fleet Capacity Analysis Biological Layer Important Biological Areas Raster Fleet Capacity Areas (no MPA’s) Important Commercial Fishing Areas (no MPA’s) Economic Layer Spatial Overlay (Union) No MPA Raster Raster Calculator Analysis Raster Calculator Analysis By OrSt grad student Chad Keith

Gulf of Maine Georges Bank Example of MPA Exclusion Areas 75 km 50 km By OrSt grad student Chad Keith

Pre-Footrope Regulation Tows Reference Site 2 Trawl Patterns – Rocky Habitat By OrSt grad student Marlene Bellman Fishing Patterns 1998-’99

Post-Footrope Regulation Trawl Patterns – Rocky Habitat Where is Habitat Recovery Most Likely? Map Prediction of Resilience/Robustness?? By OrSt grad student Marlene Bellman Fishing Patterns, 2000-’01

Prototype Mixed Layer Depth Calculation in ArcGIS - Bering Sea Vance et al., NOAA AFSC, 2004

Artwork by Jayne Doucette, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Map courtesy of the National Park of American Samoa

OrSt and USF Bathy Surveys, 2001 to present

Single Beam Multibeam 1-2 K soundings per survey K soundings per survey 400,000 – 1,000,000 K soundings per survey Image courtesy of NOAA & UNH Bottom Coverage & Data Density by Survey Method Leadline

Active Remote Sensing Acoustic! multiple, focused, high-frequency, short wavelength sound beams “narrow-beam” or “multibeam” bathymetry –sound beam stays narrow and focused all the way to the bottom –depths much more precise –e.g., Sea Beam has 16 beams, Sea Beam 2000 has 121, EM3000 has 127, EM120 has 191

Mapping the Ocean Floor Only 5% of global ocean floor charted in high rez with ships - we need 125 more years! Image courtesy of NOAA

Ocean Thematic Layers Graphic courtesy of Christina Massel, Steve Miller, Scripps

A Gigabyte of data a day A Gigabyte of data an hour Multibeam Bathymetry

The World Ocean Floor

Fine-Scale Mapping on the order of tens of meters to meters features the size of a beer can!

National Marine Sanctuaries Map courtesy of NOAA National Marine Sanctuary System

U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Seeks to characterize priority reef systems deeper than 30 m in the U.S. and Trust Territories by Surveys contribute to management of marine protected areas and the possible designation of more protected areas. Evans et al. 2002;

OrSt & USF Multibeam Surveys to date By OrSt grad student Emily Lundblad

Shallow Multibeam ( May 2001, November 2002 ) Kongsberg-Simrad EM-3000 Fans out 121 beams at 130 deg. Swaths 3-4 times water depth Depths in m range at survey speeds of 3-12 knots cm-resolution w/ dGPS

Preparations

Shallow Water Multibeam

Shallow Water Multibeam (cont.)

Measured offsets required for accurate pitch, roll, yaw

"curling up" of outermost beams "loss of bottom" on very steep slopes sudden heading changes

By OrSt grad student Emily Larkin

Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary, 2001 bathy

SCUBA / Rebreather Technology Images courtesy of Kip Evans, Nat. Geographic and Rich Pyle, Bishop Museum

Rebreather Dive Mission, FBNMS, 2001

Schedule - Day 1 8:30-9:30 - Dawn - intro lecture 9:30-10:00 – Break 10:00-12:00 – Emily/Dawn - Module 1: Exploring the Reefs –all modules include intro lecture, then hands-on work 12:00-1:00 – Lunch 1:30-2:30 – Dawn – seafloor mapping techniques and GIS analysis 2:30-4:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 2: Benthic Classifications

Fa’afetai! Image courtesy of FBNMS

Schedule - Day 2, Tues 8:30-10:30 – Emily/Dawn – Module 3: Spatial and 3D Analyst w/Bathymetry Data (including hypothetical MPA) 10:30-11:00 – Dawn & Josh – Benthic Terrain Modeler (BTM) tool 11:00-12:00 – Emily – American Samoa Benthic Terrain Viewer (ASBTV) and AS Bibliographic Tool 12:00-1:00 – Lunch and/or Wrapup 1:30 –2:00 – Wrapup, final question/discussion period