Vascular System Reminder: All brain function is dependent on oxygen. There are two main arterial supplies to the brain: –Carotid Arteries –Basilar Artery (comes off of vertebral arteries)

Identify the following arteries in the cerebral angiogram in the image above: Vertebral Artery - Basilar Artery Vertebal Arteries/Basilar Artery

Right Internal Carotid Artery

The Origins of Cognitive Neuroscience Psychology – Experimental/Cognitive Neurology – Clinical Emergent Clinical Fields: Behavioral Neurology Neuropsychology Emergent Experimental Fields: Neuroscience Experimental Neuropsychology Behavioral Neuroscience

Research Populations Human patients with brain damage or disorders Neurologically intact humans Nonhuman animals primates rodents invertebrates

The Origins of Cognitive Neuroscience Psychology – Experimental/Cognitive Neurology – Clinical Emergent Clinical Fields: Behavioral Neurology Neuropsychology Emergent Experimental Fields: Neuroscience Experimental Neuropsychology Behavioral Neuroscience

Research Populations Human patients with brain damage or disorders Neurologically intact humans Nonhuman animals primates rodents invertebrates

Patients with Brain Damage The lesion approach Examples: 1. HM remember him??? 2. Blindsight huh? Any problems with this approach???????

WHAT'S NEW WITH THE AMNESIC PATIENT H.M.? Suzanne Corkin H.M. became amnesic in Since that time, nearly 100 investigators, first at the Montreal Neurological Institute and since 1966 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, have participated in studying him. We all understand the rare opportunity we have had to work with him, and we are grateful for his dedication to research. He has taught us a great deal about the cognitive and neural organization of memory. We are in his debt.

Problems with the Lesion Approach Variability in regions of damage Example: language mapping

BTW: DISCLAIMER The broken brain may not process information in the same way as the intact brain….. EG: Stiles – developmental studies of spatial processing

Behavioral Methods Clinical Interviews Information from caretakers Neuropsychological Testing –Battery Approach –Decision Tree Approach Experimental Testing

Physiological Methods CAT – Computerized Axial Tomography MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging FMRI PET Electrophysiological Recording –EEG –ERP –Depth Electrodes

GOOD BYE