Red Power, The Chicano Movement, and Stonewall and the Struggle for Gay and Lesbian Rights Reform, Revolt and Reaction Lecture Fifteen, Term 2 Week 8

Origins of Red Power 1887 Dawes Act 1934 Indian Reorganization Act WW2 ‘code talkers’ ‘War on Poverty’ increases funding to reservations

American Indian Movement (estd. 1968)

Occupation of Alcatraz (20 Nov 1969 – 1971)

The Longest Walk (1978)

Origins of the Chicano Movement (El Movimiento) 1848 Mexican-American War 1929 League of United Latin American Citizens WW2: Zoot Suit Riots & bracero programme 1954 Hernandez v. Texas 1949 Community Service Organization & Edward Roybal

César Chávez 1962 estd. National Farm Workers Association (United Farm Workers) 1964 helped end bracero programme 1966 led strike of grape pickers in CA Opposition to illegal Mexican immigrant workers

Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund estd. 1968

East LA Walkouts (Chicano Blowouts) 1 March 1968 Led by Moctesuma Esparza and Sal Castro (a teacher) – the Young Chicanos For Community Action or “Brown Berets”

The Brown Berets

Origins of the Struggle for Gay Rights 1924 Society For Human Rights estd. Henry Gerber Alfred Kinsey, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) claims 10% men are homosexual 1950 Mattachine Society estd. Harry Hay

Stonewall Riots (1969)

Gay Liberation Front

Harvey Milk vs the Briggs Initiative (Proposition 6)

The Assassination of Harvey Milk (27 November 1978) Killed along with Mayor George Moscone by fellow city supervisor Dan White White sentenced to only 7yrs voluntary manslaughter, no psychiatric treatment White night riots

Legalisation of Homosexuality 1962 Illinois 1970s – California, Colorado, Delaware, Hawaii, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, South Dakota, Vermont, Washington, Wyoming 1973 American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from its list of clinical medical disorders. 1980s – Alaska, New York, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin 1986 Bowers v Hardwick 2003 Lawrence v Texas (sodomy laws repealed in Alabama, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Virginia)

Key Questions to Consider… Why did Red Power and Chicano Power movements appear in the 1960s? How did they differ to Black Power? Why did the gay rights movement emerge in 1969, and why not before then? What was the significance of the assassination of Harvey Milk? Why did it take so long for sodomy laws to be repealed?