Variations in sky luminance measurements Wim Schmidt Platform Lichthinder Sotto le Stelle Osnabruck Oktober 2011 1.

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Presentation transcript:

Variations in sky luminance measurements Wim Schmidt Platform Lichthinder Sotto le Stelle Osnabruck Oktober

Introducing myself Ten years chairman of the Dutch Light Pollution Group Occupation: light pollution adviser: delivering data to governments: pictures, numbers and maps. 2

Content What are we measuring? Variations in space Variations in time 3

What are we measuring? Sun and moon and clouds Stars Milky way Natural darkness Artificial light 4 Our interest: artificial light

What are we measuring: sun and moon, clouds Astronight: – Altitude sun: < -18 degrees – Altitude moon < 0 degrees 5 Clear sky: clouds give till 5 magnitudes more light

What are we measuring: stars A magnitude 22 sky gives light of 847 magnitude 0 stars. All 6000 visible stars give light of 80 magnitude 0 stars. Stars contribute less than 10% of the sky luminance – In direction of Milky way higher – In direction of horizon much lower Natural sky: varies a little; difficult to determine 6

What are we measuring: artificial light At 5 locations 30 measurements in different nights: till 30 % variation; most around 10%. Extinction correction Geography and weather Time of the night? 7

What are we measuring: artificial light 8 Sky luminance dependent of extinction: higher extinction, higher sky luminance A standard atmosphere (12 km horizontal sight and 0,3 magn extinction) But still 6 till 20% differences.

9 Groundmist: less light High layer, small distance: more light High layer, great distance: less light Geography and weather

What are we measuring: Standard conditions We need a standard about influence of moon and sun We need a standard atmosphere Always be some variance in measurements: weather conditions and local geography: do more measurements to get the variance at a location 10

Variations in space 2000 measurements sky luminance of the zenith Minimum value: 0,27 mcd/m², around magn 21,8 Maximum value 30 mcd/m², around magn

Variations in space The Netherlands are not totally light polluted Big differences between west and north In the north: pristine conditions, comparable to the best places in Europe Large difference between towns and countryside. 12

North east part of Amsterdam Variations in space Gradient on the edge of town: From 8,5 till 2,5 mcd/m² in 7 kilometre Steep gradient on the edge of a greenhouse area: from 29 till 2 mcd/m² in 2 kilometre Greenhouse area 13

Variations in space Sky luminance - population relation of towns 14 Is this real?

Variations in time Two years of measurements with SQM-LE and Austrian Lichtmeter Mark

Variations in time 5,5 magnitude variation Increase darkness till 1 or 2 o’clock: less light? Decrease darkness after 2 o’clock : inversion layer gets thicker? 16

Variations in time Maximum red dots: Increase of 0,22 magnitude in two years Mean green dots: increase of 0,08 magnitude in two years Explanation? Getting darker? Higher trees? Sensor ? 17

Information Wim Schmidt: Website: 18