Solar System Physics Astronomy 311 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 6.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Beginning of Modern Astronomy
Advertisements

ASTR100 (Spring 2008) Introduction to Astronomy Newton’s Laws of Motion Prof. D.C. Richardson Sections
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity.
Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity.
Orbits Tides The Universal Law of Gravitation. Announcements Test #1 is next Wednesday: Do not leave today without the Study Guide/Crossword puzzle. Monday.
Lecture Outline Chapter 4: Making Sense of the Universe Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Universal Forces Chapter Electromagnetic Forces Electric Forces Magnetic Forces They are the only forces that can both attract and repel.
Gravity. Review Question What are Kepler’s laws of planetary motion?
Tides. Gravity Earth’s gravity holds water to the surface. With no moon, sea level would be the same everywhere. The Moon’s gravity pulls Earth and its.
THE MOON
1 Tides We experience tides on Earth when the ocean level rises and falls. We experience 2 high tides and 2 low tides in a little over one day. But what.
Tides.
PHY134 Introductory Astronomy Gravity and Orbits 1.
9/14/12 Jim out today – if needed. Remember – exam on Monday. Extra office hour Monday at 10am for last minute questions.
Tides.
Solar System Physics Astronomy 311 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 6.
Solar System Physics Astronomy 311 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 6.
Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity.
Solar System Physics Astronomy 311 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 6.
Newton and Kepler. Newton’s Law of Gravitation The Law of Gravity Isaac Newton deduced that two particles of masses m 1 and m 2, separated by a distance.
Astronomy 1020 Stellar Astronomy Spring_2015 Day-10.
Chapter 9 Review. The time required for a planet to rotate on its axis one complete time is known as what? day.
Gravity Chapter 7. Newton  Noticed the moon followed a curved path  Knew a force was required to allow an object to follow a curved path  Therefore,
Gravity, Orbits & Tides.
Chapter 4d Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity “ If I have seen farther than others, it is because I have stood on.
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
What causes the Tides? 6th Grade Ms. Bridgeland.
© 2005 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Addison-Wesley Correction in Exam 1 Date: Thursday Feb. 10 Updated Syllabus in website has the corrected date.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity.
Motion Why do objects move? Forces and Gravity. Recap Second midterm in two week: 11/1 Distances in astronomy – Measuring distances using brightnesses.
Gravitational Interactions
In order to stay in a closed orbit, an object has to be within a certain range of velocities: Too slow  Object falls back down to Earth Too fast  Object.
Gravitational Interactions
Laws of Motion and Energy Chapter Seven: Gravity and Space 7.1 Gravity 7.2 The Solar System 7.3 The Sun and the Stars.
Fast Moving Projectiles: Satellites The Earth satellite is simply a projectile that falls around the Earth rather than into it.
Universal Gravitation.
Outer Planets  Comparative Giant Planets  Jupiter  Saturn  Uranus  Neptune  Gravity  Tidal Forces Sept. 25, 2002.
Essential Question: What causes tides in the oceans?
NATS From the Cosmos to Earth Billiard Balls.
Tides are periodic rises and falls of large bodies of water. Tides are caused by the gravitational interaction between the Earth and the Moon. The.

Units 17, 18, 19, 20 Homework 3 is on the website of the course
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 4 Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity.
What is a Tide? A tide is the rise and fall of the surface level of a body of water due to the Moon’s and the Sun’s gravitational pull.
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Tides.
Tides. Definition The tide is the regular rising and falling of the ocean's surface.
A100 Movie Special Tuesday, March 23 Swain West 119 7:00 pm (153 minutes) Winner of several awards 20 activity points! BYOP (Bring Your Own Popcorn)
8-4.7 :: Explain the effects of gravity on tides and planetary orbits.
Tides November 18-19, What are Tides? A tide is defined as a periodic rise and fall of the sea surface –very-long period waves noticeable only at.
Astronomy 1020-H Stellar Astronomy Spring_2016 Day-10.
Moon Notes Day 3 Chapter The changeable moon The moon appears to us to move eastward The markings on the surface of the moon do not seem to change.
Universal Forces Chapter Universal Forces Observations of planets, stars, and galaxies strongly suggest four universal forces exist throughout the.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Making Sense of the Universe: Understanding Motion, Energy, and Gravity.
Homework 2 Unit 14 Problems 17, 19 Unit 15. Problems 16, 17 Unit 16. Problems 12, 17 Unit 17, Problems 10, 19 Unit 12 Problems 10, 11, 16, 17, 18 Unit.
Planetary Discovery in the era of Spacecraft Exploration Xi Zhang
Gravity & Tides.
Chapter 12 Forces and Motion.
Universal Forces Chapter 12-4 pg
Chapter 12 Forces & Motion.
Unit 2 Review Questions.
Gravity 7.3.
Newton’s Version of Kepler’s Third Law
Two Body Orbits (M + m)P2 = a3 It does! Center of Mass
Universal forces act over a________between particles of matter.
Ch. 12 Forces & Motion.
Laws of Motion and Energy
Gravity & Motion Astronomy.
“If I have seen farther than other men, it is because I stood on the shoulders of giants” -Isaac newton CHAPTER 5.
Presentation transcript:

Solar System Physics Astronomy 311 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 6

How does Newton’s First Law explain why planets do not fall into the Sun? a)Gravity holds them in place b)The action of gravity causes an opposite reaction that opposes gravity c)The planets are rotating on their axis and angular momentum must be conserved d)The planets have inertia and want to keep moving along their orbits e)It doesn’t, only Kepler’s Laws do

If the force on an object and the mass of an object are both doubled, what happens to the acceleration? a)It is ¼ what is was before b)It is ½ what it was before c)It is the same as what it was before d)It is 2 times what it was before e)It is 4 times what it was before

Notes  Quiz #1 is next Monday (Sept 15)  Short answer and multiple choice  Covers lectures 1-8 (through “Origin of the Solar System”)

Physics and the Solar System  There are many physical effects that are important in shaping the solar system  We will concentrate on three:    Impacts (when we talk about Mercury)

Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation  Gravity -- a force that all objects exert on each other proportional to their mass and inversely proportional to the distance squared F=Gm 1 m 2 /r 2   multiply distance by 2, decrease force by 2 squared (4) 

Using The Gravity Equation   G = 6.67 X  in units of (N m 2 /kg 2 )   One newton is the force the Earth exerts on a ¼ pound object on its surface

Tides   Example: Tides on the Earth   Moon pulls the center away from the far side  The tidal force tries to stretch the Earth into a football shape  This mostly effects the oceans

High and Low Tide

Types of Tides   The actual amount the water level changes is strongly dependant on geography and location  Sun also produces tides   Spring Tide -- Sun and Moon pulling together, strongest tides  Neap Tide -- Sun and Moon pulling against each other, lowest tides

Spring and Neap Tides

Synchronous Rotation   The moon is tidally locked   The Earth’s gravity distorts the Moon, slowing its rotation  Tidal bulge wants to be pointed at the Earth

Evaluating a Theory  Use the scientific method in detail   Use scientific reasoning    Rely on others who use the scientific method 

Scientific Notation   e.g., = 6.3 X   e.g. “6.3EE 11 ”  n.b., not “e”, “10 x ”, or “y x ”  Always write on your paper as exponential  Also note, 6.3 X ≠

Magnetic Fields   A magnetic field exerts a force on charged particles  Can manifest itself via:    Acceleration

Magnetic Field Generation   The dynamo effect requires that a planet have a liquid, conducting interior  Like the molten iron in the Earth   Currents produce magnetic fields  Like an electromagnet  Magnetic fields are dipolar

Earth’s Magnetic Field

Solar Wind   Ions are missing electrons and so have a net charge   Sun’s magnetic field produces the solar wind, planet’s magnetic field deflects and traps the solar wind

Magnetosphere  A planet’s magnetic field interacts with the solar wind to produce a magnetosphere   Particles from wind get trapped in magnetic field   Size of magnetosphere changes as solar wind ebbs and flows

The Earth’s Magnetosphere

Charged Particle Belts  All planets with magnetic field have particle belts   The interaction of the particles and the magnetic fields produce currents   The moving particles collide with molecules in the atmosphere exciting them and producing light 

Next Time  Read Chapter 5 and 6.6

Summary  Physics  Gravity, impacts and magnetic fields are responsible for a wide range of solar system phenomena  Gravity  All solar system bodies effect each other gravitationally, but the effect is often small  Strong gravitational fields produce tides  Differential gravity creates bulges on opposite sides of a planet

Summary  Magnetic fields  liquid interior allows moving charges to generate field via dynamo  magnetosphere deflects solar wind (deflection)  magnetosphere traps solar wind charged particles (trapping)  magnetosphere creates currents of solar wind charged particles (acceleration)