(see also Seismic Methods: Refraction.

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Presentation transcript:

(see also Seismic Methods: Refraction

Seismic Waves Body Surface P S Love Rayleigh

Seismic Wave Speeds MaterialP wave Velocity (m/s)S wave Velocity (m/s) Air332 Water Petroleum Steel Concrete Granite Basalt Sandstone Limestone Sand (Unsaturated) Sand (Saturated) Clay Glacial Till (Saturated)

Reflection and Refraction sin  1 = sin  3 = Vp 1 Vs 1 sin  2 = sin  4 = Vs 2 Vp 2 p (ray parameter)

Critical Refraction

Seismic Refraction Waves passing from slow to fast medium

Reflection & Refraction T, msec Direct Reflected Refracted

Refraction Analysis (flat): Velocity estimation

Depth from TT curve

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Refraction: One layer case

Refraction: 3 layer case

Engineering Quad 1/27/00 12 gauge source 1m geophone spacing, 1 m minimum offset

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Engineering Quad 1/27/00 12 gauge source 1m geophone spacing, 1 m minimum offset SHOT *

Seismic Raytracing (forward modeling)