RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION IN OFF-GRID APPLICATIONS: Placing the grid stability at the heart of hybrid systems Asia Clean Energy Forum 2015 Manila 15-19 June 2015

Vergnet Hybrid systems : solutions based on field experience 25 YEARS’ experience on REMOTE and INSULAR areas 1992: first hybrid system 40 WIND & PV plants installed on islands worldwide 5 continents - 35 countries 4 subsidiaries of maintenance and local partners Subsidiaries RE plants

RELIABLE RENEWABLES FOR ISLANDS GRIDS & REMOTE INDUSTRIES Hybrid ? What is really at stake : grid stability One step beyond: Hybrid Wizard © Case study 1: Hybrid PV for remote island Case Study 2: Wind –diesel for mining company Case Study 3: High Penetration Wind-Battery system for island What decision makers should look at?

200 T of diesel fuel saved / year Why HYBRID? 1 GEV MP-C Wind Turbine = 200 T of diesel fuel saved / year 100kWp = 47 T of diesel fuel saved/year

Choosing the right technology for the site Choosing the right technology for the site (resource, loads, weather, land, etc.)

Optimizing the design for the best ROI (Homer, Copex, etc.) System design Diesel + PV Diesel + Pv +Wind +500kW/560kWh +1MW/1MWh €/l Diesel fuel 0.7 1.0 1.34 Capex COE (Cost of Electricity) in €/kWh 0.24 0.34 0.45 0.21 0.26 0.31 0.17 0.20 0.23 Renewables share 8.2% 54% 77%

Hybrid systems, what is at stake: Intermittent energy, Variable load Efficient Hybrid control is the key

INTEGRITY / SERVICE CONTINUITY Renewables Integration Issues Example : FREQUENCY (transient) G G G G G Network analyzer G f t limit No renewables: Working on Diesel Generator. No particular issues detected. (Stable production) 50 Hz With Hybrid Wizard: At first the grid is stable. With Hybrid Wizard: Hybrid Wizard detects a risk of instability (resilience of the grid too low) and decides to add a Genset for spinning reserve or limit renewable power. Consequences: unwanted tripping leads to blackout of the grid. Without hybrid controller: At first the grid is stable. With Hybrid Wizard: Thanks to additional genset, the frequency drop does not overpass the limit. With Hybrid Wizard: Blackout has been avoided. Without hybrid controller: The genset power increase speed is not high enough, no quick order to start additional genset,. Frequency drops and protection trips, disconnecting the genset and leading to a blackout. Without hybrid controller: The line of the PV plant is struck by lightning. It leads to a drop in produced power, thus a frequency drop. INTEGRITY / SERVICE CONTINUITY

Hybrid system What is at stake? Whatever the choice and complexity of the technology (PV, wind, PV+wind, PV+wind+storage, etc.) Whatever the size of the project Whatever renewables penetration target rate Grid stability must drive the design and the operation of the hybrid system during life cycle

One step beyond : Hybrid Wizard © All measured values are transmitted to Hybrid Wizard © One or several power analyzers are distributed on the grid Hybrid Wizard © calculates in real-time new power instructions Most of the time, network analyzers are linked with an optical network Power instructions Samoa 550 kW wind farm (running) Kiribati 500 kWp PV plant (building) Mauritania 4.4 MW wind farm (running) 1.3 MWp PV plant (building) PV + inverter Voltage Frequency Current Flickers coef. Harmonics (%) Grid resilience Power instructions SCADA Network analyzer Gensets Grid Optical fiber Wind turbines + PLC LOADS

Case Study 1: Wind diesel system for Mining company Location Mauritania Technology Hybrid wizard controler, no storage Installed Capacity Wind: 4400kW Diesel: 4 x 4000 kW Peak load 10 000 kW

Case Study 1: Actual average penetration of Renewables since June 2013 AVERAGE WIND SHARE: 30% FUEL CONSUMPTION: - 30% DIESEL SAVINGS: 4 800 T /year = 1 TURBINE PAID FOR EVERY 3 MONTHS

Case study 2: Hybrid PV system for remote island Location Kiribati Hybrid Technology Hybrid Wizard controler Installed Capacity PV: 1.3MWp (400+500+400kWp) Diesel: 5.45MW Peak load 3500 kW (Week)

OVERCAPACITY OF PV PRODUCTION Case study 2: Hybrid PV system for remote island POSSIBLE OVERCAPACITY OF PV PRODUCTION DURING WEEK-END Genset minimum setpoint: 30% Hybrid Wizard: Real time management of PV and Diesel power plants Fuel savings: 596 T / year

Case study 3: High penetration Wind-Diesel system for island Location Caribbean Island Hybrid Technology Hybrid Wizard controler Installed Capacity Wind: 1.925MW PV: 114kW Diesel: 1.9 MW Battery for spinning reserve Peak load 1.3 MW

Case study 3: High penetration Wind-diesel system for island Option 1: Hybrid Wizard without Battery storage Option 2: Hybrid Wizard + Battery storage for spinning reserve 1.37MW NO 40% 70% 100% 1 039 m3/year WIND POWER BATTERY AVERAGE RE SHARE PEAK RE SHARE RE USAGE DIESEL SAVINGS 1.92 MW YES 70% 90% 100% 1 418 m3/year Wind Genset PV Wind Genset PV

What should Decision Makers look at for a successful off-grid projects implementation? Always keep grid stability as the driver for the system requirements Consumption: minimum and maximum loads, grid parameters Possibility of performing grid measurements, identify weak points, etc. Technology choice must be the result of the feasibility, not an a priori choice Renewable resource assessment Technology choice fit to the local situation (high perfo batteries in remote and sandy areas?) Set reasonable targets for penetration rates and have a step by step approach Grid stability: the project must be immediately a success Possibility to improve the system and targets : technology is evolving fast Project a flexible system, able to adapt to the grid evolutions Possible evolutions of the consumption Integration in the plans for development of the infrastructures of the territory Take Operation & Maintenance into account from the very beginning of the project Technological choices and targets must fit to the local capability and infrastructures If knowhow is not already present, include a capability building program

Thank you Technology is ready Significant savings with high quality & reliability Short payback time if good resource Thank you Istvan Ponsot – i.ponsot@vergnet.fr