Flowcharts and programming Techniques Chapter 5 Flowcharts and programming Techniques
Introduction A flowchart is a diagram consisting of labeled geometrical symbols together with rows connecting one symbol to another A program flowchart pictures the sequence of instructions for solving a particular problem ( usually by means of a computer program).
Introduction BOUNS = 0.03 * SALARY
Introduction The sequence of instructions for solving a particular problem is called algorithm. Express the algorithm through a flowchart Easier to draw the flowchart than to write the program directly. Easier to understand than program Easy for development. Flowcharts are independent of any particular programming language
VARIABLES ,DATA-NAMES, PROGRAMMING SATATEMENTS a variable means a data item whose value may change during the execution of the program. Examples:- Salary Bouns AVERAGE Assignment Statements Salary = 500 Bouns = 0,03*Salary AVERAGE = ( T1+T2+T3)/3
VARIABLES ,DATA-NAMES, PROGRAMMING SATATEMENTS HOURS = HOURS + 12 Counter = Counter + 1
Input/Output Statements Read NUMBER, HOURS,RATE Write NUMBER, GROSS , NET
FLOWCHART SYMBLOS
FLOWCHART SYMBLOS Terminal symbol Input/Output symbol
FLOWCHART SYMBLOS process symbol
FLOWCHART SYMBLOS Decision symbol.
FLOWCHART SYMBLOS Example: A company plans to give a year-end 3% to each of its employees. However, if an employee has been working 10 or more years at the company , he is to get an additional $50.
FLOWCHART SYMBLOS
FLOWCHART SYMBLOS Example: The HP company plans to give a year-end 3% bonus to each of its employees earning $10,000 or more per year , and a fixed $300 bonus for the other employees.
FLOWCHART SYMBLOS
LOOPS AND THEIR CONTROL BY A COUNTER
LOOPS AND THEIR CONTROL BY A COUNTER
CONTROL OF LOOPS BY HEADER OF TRALIER RECORDS Control by a Header Record
CONTROL OF LOOPS BY HEADER OF TRALIER RECORDS Control by a Trailer Record
ACCUMULATORS
ACCUMULATORS Example : Suppose that a company wants to find the total salary paid to its employees of a company.
TWO SPECIAL ALGORITHMS: The average of the salaries,
TWO SPECIAL ALGORITHMS: The largest salary
DO LOOPS
DO LOOPS Example: A company has 80 employees . Draw a flowchart to find the average salary and the number of employees earning above the average salary
Example